1. Waa maxay silikoon bir ah?
Silicon bir ah, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan silicon warshadeed, waa wax soo saarka dhalaalinta silicon dioxide iyo walxaha yareeya kaarboonka ee ku jira foorno qaro weyn oo hoos u dhacda. Qaybta ugu weyn ee silicon badanaa waxay ka sarreysaa 98.5% waxayna ka hooseysaa 99.99%, wasakhda soo hartayna waa birta, aluminium, kalsiyum, iwm.
Dalka Shiinaha, siliconka birta waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa darajooyin kala duwan sida 553, 441, 421, 3303, 2202, 1101, iwm., kuwaas oo lagu kala saaro iyadoo loo eegayo waxa ku jira birta, aluminiumka iyo kalsiyum.
2. Goobta codsiga ee silikoon birta ah
Isticmaalka hoose ee silicon-ka birta ah waa inta badan silicon, polysilicon iyo aluminium alloys. Sanadka 2020, wadarta isticmaalka Shiinaha waa qiyaastii 1.6 milyan oo tan, saamiga isticmaalkana waa sidan soo socota:
Jelka silica wuxuu leeyahay shuruudo sare oo ku saabsan siliconka birta wuxuuna u baahan yahay heer kiimiko, oo u dhigma nooca 421#, oo ay ku xigto polysilicon, moodooyinka caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo 553# iyo 441#, shuruudaha daawaha aluminium-kana aad bay u hooseeyaan.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, baahida loo qabo polysilicon ee silicon-ka dabiiciga ah ayaa korodhay, saamigeeduna wuu sii weynaaday. Baahida loo qabo aluminium-ka birta ah ma kordhin oo keliya, laakiin wuu hoos u dhacay. Tani sidoo kale waa arrin weyn oo keenta in awoodda wax soo saarka birta silicon ay u muuqato mid sarreysa, laakiin heerka hawlgalka ayaa aad u hooseeya, waxaana jira yaraansho daran oo silicon-ka birta ah oo heer sare ah oo suuqa ku jira.
3. Xaaladda wax soo saarka sanadka 2021
Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobyada, laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa Luulyo 2021, dhoofinta birta silikoon ee Shiinaha waxay gaartay 466,000 tan, taasoo ah koror sanadle ah oo dhan 41%. Sababtoo ah qiimaha hooseeya ee silikoonka birta ee Shiinaha sannadihii la soo dhaafay, oo ay weheliso ilaalinta deegaanka iyo sababo kale, shirkado badan oo kharash badan ku baxa ayaa leh heer shaqo oo hooseeya ama si toos ah ayaa loo xiray.
Sannadka 2021, sababtoo ah sahay ku filan, heerka hawlgalka ee silikoonka birta ayaa noqon doona mid ka sarreeya. Korontadu kuma filna, heerka hawlgalka ee silikoonka birta ahna aad ayuu uga hooseeyaa sidii sanadihii hore. Silikoonka dhinaca baahida iyo polysilicon ayaa sanadkan yar, iyadoo qiimaha sare, heerka hawlgalka oo sarreeya, iyo baahida sii kordheysa ee silikoonka birta. Arrimo dhammaystiran ayaa horseeday yaraanta daran ee silikoonka birta.
Afaraad, isbeddelka mustaqbalka ee silikoonka birta ah
Sida laga soo xigtay xaaladda saadka iyo baahida ee kor lagu falanqeeyay, isbeddelka mustaqbalka ee silikoonka birta ah wuxuu inta badan ku xiran yahay xalka arrimo hore.
Marka hore, wax soo saarka zombie-ga, qiimuhu wuu sarreeyaa, wax soo saarka zombie-na qaar ayaa dib u bilaabi doona wax soo saarka, laakiin waxay qaadan doontaa waqti cayiman.
Marka labaad, godadka korontada ee hadda jira ee meelaha qaar ayaa weli socda. Sababtoo ah koronto la'aan ku filan, qaar ka mid ah warshadaha silicon ayaa lagu wargeliyay in korontada la jaray. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa weli jira foornooyinka silikoon ee warshadaha oo la xiray, waana ay adag tahay in dib loo soo celiyo muddada gaaban.
Saddexaad, haddii qiimaha gudaha uu sarreeyo, waxaa la filayaa in dhoofinta ay hoos u dhacdo. Birta silikoon ee Shiinaha waxaa inta badan loo dhoofiyaa dalalka Aasiya, inkastoo si dhif ah loogu dhoofiyo waddamada Yurub iyo Mareykanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax soo saarka silikoon ee warshadaha Yurub ayaa kordhay sababtoo ah qiimaha adduunka ee dhawaanahan oo sarreeya. Dhowr sano ka hor, faa'iidada kharashka gudaha ee Shiinaha awgeed, wax soo saarka birta silikoon ee Shiinaha ayaa lahaa faa'iido buuxda, mugga dhoofintana wuu weynaa. Laakiin marka qiimuhu sarreeyo, gobollada kale ayaa sidoo kale kordhin doona awoodda wax soo saarka, dhoofintuna way yaraan doontaa.
Sidoo kale, marka la eego baahida hoos u dhacday, waxaa jiri doona wax soo saar badan oo silicon iyo polysilicon ah qeybta labaad ee sanadka. Marka la eego polysilicon, awoodda wax soo saarka ee la qorsheeyay rubuca afraad ee sanadkan waa qiyaastii 230,000 oo tan, baahida guud ee silicon birta ahna waxaa la filayaa inay noqoto qiyaastii 500,000 oo tan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, suuqa macaamiisha ee wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan isticmaalin awoodda cusub, sidaa darteed heerka guud ee hawlgalka ee awoodda cusub ayaa hoos u dhici doonta. Guud ahaan, yaraanta birta silicon ayaa la filayaa inay sii socoto sanadka dhexdiisa, laakiin farqiga ma noqon doono mid aad u weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qeybta labaad ee sanadka, shirkadaha silicon iyo polysilicon ee aan ku lug lahayn silicon birta ayaa la kulmi doona caqabado.