1. Yintoni i-silicon yesinyithi?
I-silicon yesinyithi, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-silicon yezimboni, yimveliso ye-silicon dioxide yokunyibilikisa kunye ne-carbonaceous reducing agent kwi-oven engaphantsi komhlaba. Icandelo eliphambili le-silicon lidla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-98.5% nangaphantsi kwe-99.99%, kwaye ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo yi-iron, i-aluminium, i-calcium, njl.
ETshayina, i-silicon yesinyithi idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-553, 441, 421, 3303, 2202, 1101, njl., ezahlulwe ngokomxholo wesinyithi, i-aluminium kunye ne-calcium.
2. Intsimi yesicelo se-silicon yesinyithi
Iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ze-silicon yesinyithi ikakhulu zii-silicon, i-polysilicon kunye nee-aluminium alloys. Ngo-2020, ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kweTshayina kumalunga ne-1.6 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ijeli yeSilica ineemfuno eziphezulu kwi-silicon yesinyithi kwaye ifuna umgangatho weekhemikhali, ohambelana nomzekelo 421#, ilandelwe yi-polysilicon, iimodeli ezisetyenziswa rhoqo 553# kunye ne-441#, kwaye iimfuno ze-aluminium alloy ziphantsi kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno ye-polysilicon kwi-organic silicon inyukile, kwaye umlinganiselo wayo uye waba mkhulu ngakumbi nangakumbi. Imfuno ye-aluminium alloys ayinyukanga nje kuphela, kodwa iyancipha. Oku kukwayinto ephambili ebangela ukuba amandla okuvelisa isinyithi se-silicon abonakale ephezulu, kodwa izinga lokusebenza liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwe-silicon yesinyithi yodidi oluphezulu kwimarike.
3. Imeko yemveliso ngo-2021
Ngokwezibalo, ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJulayi 2021, ukuthunyelwa kwesinyithi sesilicon eTshayina kufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-466,000, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwama-41%. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi lesilicon yesinyithi eTshayina kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo nezinye izizathu, amashishini amaninzi anexabiso eliphezulu anamazinga aphantsi okusebenza okanye avalwa ngokuthe ngqo.
Ngowama-2021, ngenxa yokubonelela okwaneleyo, izinga lokusebenza kwe-silicon yesinyithi liza kuba phezulu. Umbane awonelanga, kwaye izinga lokusebenza kwe-silicon yesinyithi liphantsi kakhulu kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo. I-silicon esecaleni kwemfuno kunye ne-polysilicon azifumaneki kulo nyaka, ngamaxabiso aphezulu, amazinga aphezulu okusebenza, kunye nemfuno eyonyukileyo ye-silicon yesinyithi. Izinto ezibanzi zikhokelele ekunqongophaleni okukhulu kwe-silicon yesinyithi.
Okwesine, indlela eza kwenzeka ngayo i-silicon yesinyithi kwixesha elizayo
Ngokwemeko yokubonelela kunye nemfuno ehlalutyiweyo apha ngasentla, indlela yexesha elizayo ye-silicon yesinyithi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwisisombululo sezinto zangaphambili.
Okokuqala, kwimveliso yee-zombie, ixabiso lihlala liphezulu, kwaye ezinye iimveliso zee-zombie ziya kuqalisa kwakhona imveliso, kodwa kuya kuthatha ixesha elithile.
Okwesibini, imida yamandla ekhoyo ngoku kwezinye iindawo isaqhubeka. Ngenxa yokungabikho kombane owaneleyo, ezinye iifektri zesilicon zixelelwe ngokunqanyulwa kombane. Okwangoku, kusekho izitofu zesilicon zoshishino ezivaliweyo, kwaye kunzima ukuzilungisa kwixesha elifutshane.
Okwesithathu, ukuba amaxabiso asekhaya ahlala ephezulu, kulindeleke ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwehle. Isinyithi se-silicon saseTshayina sithunyelwa kakhulu kumazwe aseAsia, nangona singathunyelwa kumazwe aseYurophu naseMelika rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso ye-silicon yemizi-mveliso yaseYurophu inyukile ngenxa yamaxabiso aphezulu akutshanje ehlabathi. Kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, ngenxa yenzuzo yeendleko zasekhaya zaseTshayina, imveliso yesinyithi se-silicon yaseTshayina yayinenzuzo epheleleyo, kwaye umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wawumkhulu. Kodwa xa amaxabiso ephezulu, nezinye iindawo nazo ziya kwandisa amandla emveliso, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya kuncipha.
Kwakhona, ngokwemfuno esezantsi, kuya kubakho imveliso engaphezulu yesilicon kunye nepolysilicon kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka. Ngokuphathelele ipolysilicon, amandla okuvelisa acwangcisiweyo kwikota yesine yalo nyaka amalunga neetoni ezingama-230,000, kwaye imfuno iyonke yesilicon yesinyithi kulindeleke ukuba ibe malunga neetoni ezingama-500,000. Nangona kunjalo, imakethi yabathengi bemveliso yokugqibela isenokungasebenzisi amandla amatsha, ngoko ke izinga lokusebenza lilonke lamandla amatsha liya kuncipha. Ngokubanzi, ukunqongophala kwesinyithi sesilicon kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke kulo nyaka, kodwa umsantsa awuyi kuba mkhulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka, iinkampani zesilicon kunye nepolysilicon ezingabandakanyi isilicon yesinyithi ziya kujongana nemingeni.