Isizinda kanye Nesimo Esijwayelekile
Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamileyibhodi lephansi le-IIIB scandium, i-yttrium kanye ne-lanthanum etafuleni le-periodic. Kunezinto ze-l7. I-Rare earth inezakhiwo ezihlukile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini, kwezolimo nakweminye imikhakha. Ubumsulwa bamakhemikhali e-rare earth bunquma ngqo izakhiwo ezikhethekile zezinto. Ubumsulwa obuhlukile bezinto ze-rare earth bungakhiqiza izinto ze-ceramic, izinto ze-fluorescent kanye nezinto ze-elekthronikhi ezinezidingo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Njengamanje, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhipha i-rare earth, amakhemikhali e-rare earth ahlanzekile aletha ithuba elihle emakethe, futhi ukulungiswa kwezinto ze-rare earth ezisebenza kahle kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zamakhemikhali e-rare earth ahlanzekile. I-Cerium compound inokusetshenziswa okubanzi, futhi umphumela wayo ekusetshenzisweni okuningi uhlobene nobumsulwa bayo, izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nokuqukethwe kokungcola. Ekusatshalalisweni kwezinto ze-rare earth, i-cerium ibala cishe u-50% wezinsiza ze-rare earth ezilula. Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-cerium yobumsulwa obuphezulu, isidingo senkomba yokuqukethwe kwe-non-rare earth yamakhemikhali e-cerium siphezulu kakhulu.I-Cerium oxideyi-ceric oxide, inombolo ye-CAS ingu-1306-38-3, ifomula yama-molecule yi-CeO2, isisindo sama-molecule: 172.11; I-Cerium oxide iyi-oxide ezinzile kakhulu ye-cerium ye-rare earth element. Iyisithako esiphuzi esikhanyayo ekushiseni kwegumbi futhi iba mnyama uma ishiswa. I-Cerium oxide isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni ezikhanyayo, ama-catalysts, i-polishing powder, i-UV shielding nezinye izici ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ivuse isithakazelo sabacwaningi abaningi. Ukulungiswa nokusebenza kwe-cerium oxide kube yindawo yokucwaninga eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza
Indlela 1: Hlanganisa ekamelweni lokushisa, engeza isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide esingu-5.0mol/L kusisombululo se-cerium sulfate esingu-0.1mol/L, lungisa inani le-pH libe ngaphezu kuka-10, bese kuba nokusabela kwemvula. Inhlabathi yaphonswa, yagezwa izikhathi eziningana ngamanzi acwengekile, yabe yomiswa kuhhavini ongu-90℃ amahora angu-24. Ngemva kokugaya nokuhlunga (usayizi wezinhlayiya ungaphansi kuka-0.1mm), i-cerium oxide itholakala bese ibekwa endaweni eyomile ukuze igcinwe ivaliwe. Indlela 2: Ukuthatha i-cerium chloride noma i-cerium nitrate njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulungisa inani le-pH libe ngu-2 ngamanzi e-ammonia, ukwengeza i-oxalate ukuze kuqhutshwe i-cerium oxalate, ngemva kokushisa, ukupholisa, ukuhlukanisa nokugeza, ukomisa ku-110℃, bese ishiswa ku-cerium oxide ku-900 ~ 1000℃. I-Cerium oxide ingatholakala ngokushisa ingxube ye-cerium oxide kanye ne-carbon powder ku-1250℃ emoyeni we-carbon monoxide.
Isicelo
I-Cerium Oxide isetshenziselwa izithasiselo zemboni yengilazi, izinto zokugaya ingilazi yepuleti, futhi inwetshelwe engilazini yokugaya ingilazi, amalensi optical, i-kinescope, i-bleaching, i-crision, ingilazi yemisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye nokumuncwa kwentambo kagesi, njalo njalo. Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-anti-reflector yelensi yengilazi, kanti i-cerium isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-cerium titanium ephuzi ukwenza ingilazi ibe phuzi ngokukhanyayo. I-rare earth oxidation front inethonya elithile ekukhanyeni kanye nezakhiwo ze-glass ceramics ohlelweni lwe-CAO-MgO-AI2O3-SiO2. Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-oxidation front efanele kuyazuzisa ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokucacisa we-glass liquid, ukususa amabhamuza, ukwenza isakhiwo sengilazi sibe ncane, nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokumelana kwe-alkali kwezinto. Inani elifanele lokwengeza le-cerium oxide lingu-1.5, uma lisetshenziswa embonini ye-ceramic glaze kanye ne-electronic njenge-piezoelectric ceramic penetrant. Iphinde isetshenziswe ekwenziweni kwe-catalyst esebenzayo ephezulu, ikhava ye-incandescent yesibani segesi, isikrini se-X-ray fluorescent (esetshenziswa kakhulu ku-agent yokupholisha ilensi). Impuphu yokupholisha i-cerium yomhlaba engavamile isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhamera, amalensi ekhamera, ishubhu lesithombe se-TELEVISION, ilensi, njalo njalo. Ingasetshenziswa futhi embonini yengilazi. I-Cerium oxide ne-titanium dioxide zingasetshenziswa ndawonye ukwenza ingilazi ibe phuzi. I-Cerium oxide yokususa umbala wengilazi inezinzuzo zokusebenza okuzinzile ekushiseni okuphezulu, intengo ephansi kanye nokungamuncwa kokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cerium oxide ingezwa engilazini esetshenziswa ezakhiweni nasezimotweni ukunciphisa ukudluliselwa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ukuze kukhiqizwe izinto ezikhanyayo zomhlaba ezingavamile, i-cerium oxide ingezwa njenge-activator kuma-phosphor emibala emithathu engavamile yomhlaba asetshenziswa ezintweni ezikhanyayo zezibani zokonga amandla kanye nama-phosphor asetshenziswa ezinkombeni nasezintweni zokuthola imisebe. I-Cerium oxide nayo iyinto eluhlaza yokulungiselela i-cerium yensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezintweni ze-semiconductor, ama-pigment aphezulu kanye ne-sensitizer yengilazi ezwelayo, i-automotive exhaust purifier isetshenziswe kabanzi. I-catalyst yokuhlanzwa kokukhipha umoya wezimoto yakhiwe kakhulu nge-honeycomb ceramic (noma insimbi) carrier kanye ne-surface activated coating. Isembozo esisebenzayo siqukethe indawo enkulu ye-gamma-trioxide, inani elifanele lama-oxide aqinisa indawo engaphezulu, kanye nensimbi enomsebenzi we-catalytic ohlakazekile ngaphakathi kwesembozo. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthamo we-Pt obizayo, i-Rh, ukwandisa umthamo we-Pd kushibhile, kunciphisa izindleko ze-catalyst ngaphandle kokunciphisa ama-catalyst okuhlanza ukukhishwa kwemoto ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokusebenza okuhlukahlukene, okuvame ukusetshenziswa yi-Pt. Pd. Ukusebenza kwe-Rh ternary catalyst coating, ngokuvamile indlela yokucwilisa ephelele yokwengeza inani elithile le-cerium oxide ne-lanthanum oxide, kwenza umphumela we-rare earth catalytic muhle kakhulu. I-pricely metal ternary catalyst. I-Lanthanum oxide ne-cerium oxide zasetshenziswa njengezinsiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-¦ A-Alumina asekelwa ama-catalyst ensimbi ahloniphekile. Ngokusho kocwaningo, indlela ye-catalytic ye-cerium oxide ne-lanthanum oxide ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-catalytic wesembozo esisebenzayo, ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isilinganiso somoya-fuel kanye ne-catalysis, nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokushisa kanye namandla omshini wesithwali.