Bayani da Yanayin Gabaɗaya
Abubuwan ƙasa masu wuyasu ne bene na IIIB scandium, yttrium da lanthanum a cikin teburin lokaci-lokaci. Akwai abubuwa l7. Ƙasa mai rare tana da halaye na zahiri da na sinadarai na musamman kuma an yi amfani da ita sosai a masana'antu, noma da sauran fannoni. Tsarkakakkiyar mahaɗan ƙasa mai rare kai tsaye tana ƙayyade halaye na musamman na kayan. Tsarkakakkun kayan ƙasa masu rare na iya samar da kayan yumbu, kayan fluorescent da kayan lantarki tare da buƙatun aiki daban-daban. A halin yanzu, tare da haɓaka fasahar haƙar ƙasa mai rare, mahaɗan ƙasa mai tsabta suna gabatar da kyakkyawan fata na kasuwa, kuma shirya kayan ƙasa mai ƙarfi suna gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma don mahaɗan ƙasa mai tsabta. Haɗaɗɗen Cerium yana da amfani iri-iri, kuma tasirinsa a yawancin aikace-aikacen yana da alaƙa da tsarkinsa, halayensa na zahiri da abubuwan da ke cikin ƙazanta. A cikin rarraba abubuwan ƙasa masu rare, cerium yana da kusan kashi 50% na albarkatun ƙasa masu sauƙi. Tare da ƙaruwar amfani da cerium mai tsarki, buƙatar ma'aunin abubuwan ƙasa marasa rare don mahaɗan cerium yana da girma da girma.Cerium oxideceric oxide ne, lambar CAS ita ce 1306-38-3, dabarar kwayoyin halitta ita ce CeO2, nauyin kwayoyin halitta: 172.11; Cerium oxide shine mafi tsayayyen oxide na cerium na ƙasa mai rare. Yana da launin rawaya mai haske a zafin ɗaki kuma yana yin duhu idan aka dumama shi. Ana amfani da Cerium oxide sosai a cikin kayan haske, abubuwan kara kuzari, foda mai gogewa, kariyar UV da sauran fannoni saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ya jawo hankalin masu bincike da yawa. Shirye-shiryen da aikin cerium oxide sun zama babban abin bincike a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Tsarin Samarwa
Hanya ta 1: A juya a zafin ɗaki, a ƙara maganin sodium hydroxide na 5.0mol/L zuwa maganin cerium sulfate na 0.1mol/L, a daidaita ƙimar pH ya zama sama da 10, sannan a yi ruwan sama. An yi famfo da laka, an wanke shi sau da yawa da ruwan da aka cire daga ion, sannan a busar da shi a cikin tanda mai digiri 90°C na tsawon awanni 24. Bayan niƙa da tacewa (girman ƙwayoyin cuta ƙasa da 0.1mm), ana samun cerium oxide a wuri busasshe don adanawa. Hanya ta 2: A ɗauki cerium chloride ko cerium nitrate a matsayin kayan da aka ƙera, a daidaita ƙimar pH zuwa 2 da ruwan ammonia, a ƙara oxalate don yaɗa cerium oxalate, bayan an dumama, an wargaza, an raba shi da wankewa, a busar da shi a 110°C, sannan a ƙone shi zuwa cerium oxide a 900 ~ 1000°C. Ana iya samun cerium oxide ta hanyar dumama cakuda cerium oxide da carbon foda a 1250°C a cikin yanayin carbon monoxide.
Aikace-aikace
Ana amfani da Cerium Oxide don ƙarin kayan masana'antar gilashi, kayan niƙa gilashin farantin, kuma an faɗaɗa shi zuwa gilashin niƙa gilashi, ruwan tabarau na gani, kinescope, bleaching, haske, gilashin hasken ultraviolet da shanye waya ta lantarki, da sauransu. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi azaman hana haske ga ruwan tabarau na gilashi, kuma ana amfani da cerium don yin cerium titanium rawaya don sanya gilashin ya zama rawaya mai haske. Gaban iskar shaka na ƙasa mai wuya yana da wani tasiri akan crystallization da kaddarorin yumburan gilashi a cikin tsarin THE CaO-MgO-AI2O3-SiO2. Sakamakon bincike ya nuna cewa ƙara gaban iskar shaka mai dacewa yana da amfani don inganta tasirin haske na ruwan gilashi, kawar da kumfa, sanya tsarin gilashin ya zama ƙarami, da haɓaka halayen injiniya da juriyar alkali na kayan aiki. Mafi kyawun adadin ƙarin cerium oxide shine 1.5, lokacin da ake amfani da shi a cikin gilashin yumbu da masana'antar lantarki azaman mai shiga cikin yumbu na piezoelectric. Hakanan ana amfani da shi wajen kera mai haɓaka aiki, murfin incandescent fitilar gas, allon hasken X-ray (galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin wakilin goge ruwan tabarau). Ana amfani da foda mai laushi na cerium mai rare earth a cikin kyamarori, ruwan tabarau na kyamara, bututun hoto na TELEVISION, ruwan tabarau, da sauransu. Haka kuma ana iya amfani da shi a masana'antar gilashi. Ana iya amfani da cerium oxide da titanium dioxide tare don yin gilashin rawaya. Cerium oxide don canza launin gilashi yana da fa'idodin aiki mai dorewa a zafin jiki mai yawa, ƙarancin farashi da rashin ɗaukar haske mai gani. Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara cerium oxide a cikin gilashin da ake amfani da shi a gine-gine da motoci don rage watsa hasken ultraviolet. Don samar da kayan haske na ƙasa mai rare, ana ƙara cerium oxide a matsayin mai kunnawa a cikin phosphors masu launi uku na ƙasa mai rare da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan haske na fitilun ceton makamashi da phosphors da ake amfani da su a cikin alamomi da na'urorin gano radiation. Cerium oxide kuma kayan aiki ne na kayan aiki don shirya cerium na ƙarfe. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin kayan semiconductor, launuka masu inganci da na'urar haskaka gilashi mai haske, an yi amfani da mai tsarkake hayaki na mota sosai. Mai haɓaka tsarkake hayaki na mota galibi ya ƙunshi mai ɗaukar yumbu (ko ƙarfe) na zuma da kuma murfin da aka kunna a saman. Rufin da aka kunna ya ƙunshi babban yanki na gamma-trioxide, adadin oxides masu daidaita yankin saman, da kuma ƙarfe mai aikin catalytic da aka watsa a cikin murfin. Domin rage yawan Pt, Rh mai tsada, ƙara yawan Pd yana da arha, rage farashin catalytic ba tare da rage catalysts na tsarkake hayaki na mota ba a ƙarƙashin manufar aiki daban-daban, Pt. Pd da aka saba amfani da shi. Kunna murfin catalytic na Rh ternary, yawanci hanyar nutsewa gaba ɗaya don ƙara wani adadin cerium oxide da lanthanum oxide, yana haifar da tasirin catalytic na ƙasa mai wuya. Mai daraja mai haɓaka ƙarfe ternary catalytic. An yi amfani da Lanthanum oxide da cerium oxide a matsayin masu taimako don inganta aikin ¦ A-Alumina masu tallafawa masu haɓaka ƙarfe. A cewar binciken, tsarin catalytic na cerium oxide da lanthanum oxide shine galibi don inganta aikin catalytic na murfin aiki, daidaita rabon iska da man fetur ta atomatik, da inganta kwanciyar hankali na zafi da ƙarfin injina na mai ɗaukar kaya.