Mbiri ndi Mkhalidwe Wamba
Zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosowaNdi pansi pa IIIB scandium, yttrium ndi lanthanum mu tebulo la periodic. Pali zinthu l7. Dziko losauka lili ndi zinthu zapadera zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo ndipo lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, ulimi ndi madera ena. Kuyera kwa zinthu zosoweka za dziko lapansi kumatsimikizira mwachindunji zinthu zapadera za zinthuzo. Kuyera kosiyana kwa zinthu zosoweka za dziko lapansi kumatha kupanga zinthu zadothi, zinthu zowala ndi zinthu zamagetsi zokhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pakugwira ntchito. Pakadali pano, ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wochotsa zinthu zosoweka za dziko lapansi, zinthu zosoweka za dziko lapansi zoyera zimapereka mwayi wabwino pamsika, ndipo kukonzekera zinthu zosoweka za dziko lapansi zogwira ntchito bwino kumawonjezera zofunikira kwambiri pa zinthu zosoweka za dziko lapansi zoyera. Cerium compound ili ndi ntchito zambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake m'magwiritsidwe ntchito ambiri zimagwirizana ndi kuyera kwake, zinthu zakuthupi komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zodetsedwa. Pakugawa kwa zinthu zosoweka za dziko lapansi, cerium imakhala pafupifupi 50% ya zinthu zopepuka zosoweka za dziko lapansi. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri cerium yoyera, kufunikira kwa non-rare earth content index ya zinthu zosoweka za cerium compounds kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.Cerium oxidendi ceric oxide, nambala ya CAS ndi 1306-38-3, formula ya molekyulu ndi CeO2, kulemera kwa molekyulu: 172.11; Cerium oxide ndiye oxide wokhazikika kwambiri wa rare earth element cerium. Ndi chikasu chopepuka cholimba kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo chimakhala chakuda chikatenthedwa. Cerium oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zinthu zowala, ma catalysts, ufa wopukuta, chitetezo cha UV ndi zina chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino. M'zaka zaposachedwa, yakopa chidwi cha ofufuza ambiri. Kukonzekera ndi magwiridwe antchito a cerium oxide kwakhala malo ofufuzira kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Njira Yopangira
Njira 1: Sakanizani kutentha kwa chipinda, onjezerani sodium hydroxide solution ya 5.0mol/L ku cerium sulfate solution ya 0.1mol/L, sinthani pH kuti ikhale yoposa 10, ndipo mvula imachitika. Dothi linapopedwa, kutsukidwa kangapo ndi madzi oyeretsedwa, kenako nkuumitsa mu uvuni wa 90℃ kwa maola 24. Mukamaliza kupukuta ndi kusefa (kukula kwa tinthu tosakwana 0.1mm), cerium oxide imapezeka ndikuyikidwa pamalo ouma kuti isungidwe yotsekedwa. Njira 2: Kutenga cerium chloride kapena cerium nitrate ngati zinthu zopangira, kusintha pH kukhala 2 ndi madzi a ammonia, kuwonjezera oxalate kuti cerium oxalate ipangike, mutatentha, kuyeretsa, kulekanitsa ndi kutsuka, kuumitsa pa 110℃, kenako n’kuwotcha ku cerium oxide pa 900 ~ 1000℃. Cerium oxide ingapezeke potentha chisakanizo cha cerium oxide ndi carbon powder pa 1250℃ mumlengalenga wa carbon monoxide.
Kugwiritsa ntchito
Cerium Oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga magalasi, zinthu zopukutira magalasi, ndipo yagwiritsidwa ntchito ku magalasi opukutira magalasi, magalasi owonera, kinescope, bleaching, clarification, galasi la ultraviolet radiation ndi kuyamwa kwa waya wamagetsi, ndi zina zotero. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati anti-reflector ya magalasi agalasi, ndipo cerium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga cerium titanium yachikasu kuti galasi likhale lachikasu lopepuka. Front ya rare earth oxidation ili ndi mphamvu inayake pa crystallization ndi makhalidwe a magalasi agalasi mu dongosolo la CaO-MgO-AI2O3-SiO2. Zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera kutsogolo koyenera kwa oxidation ndikothandiza kukonza mphamvu ya madzi agalasi, kuchotsa thovu, kupanga kapangidwe kagalasi kukhala kakang'ono, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamakanika ndi kukana kwa alkali pazinthu. Kuchuluka koyenera kwa cerium oxide ndi 1.5, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ceramic glaze ndi mafakitale amagetsi ngati piezoelectric ceramic penetrant. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga chothandizira champhamvu kwambiri, chivundikiro cha lamp ya gasi, X-ray fluorescent screen (makamaka yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu lens polishing agent). Ufa wopukutira wa rare earth cerium umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makamera, magalasi a kamera, chubu cha zithunzi za pa TV, lenzi, ndi zina zotero. Ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'makampani opanga magalasi. Cerium oxide ndi titanium dioxide zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi kuti galasi likhale lachikasu. Cerium oxide yochotsera utoto wa galasi ili ndi ubwino wochita bwino pa kutentha kwambiri, mtengo wotsika komanso kusayamwa kwa kuwala kooneka. Kuphatikiza apo, cerium oxide imawonjezedwa kugalasi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ndi m'magalimoto kuti lichepetse kufalikira kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Pakupanga zinthu zowala za rare earth, cerium oxide imawonjezedwa ngati activator mu rare earth tri-color phosphors zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zinthu zowala za nyali zosunga mphamvu ndi phosphors zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zizindikiro ndi zowunikira ma radiation. Cerium oxide ndi chinthu chopangira cerium yachitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, mu zinthu za semiconductor, utoto wapamwamba komanso sensitizer yagalasi yowunikira kuwala, chotsukira utsi cha magalimoto chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chothandizira kuyeretsa utsi wagalimoto chimapangidwa makamaka ndi chonyamulira cha ceramic (kapena chitsulo) ndi chophimba chogwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba. Chophimba choyatsidwacho chimakhala ndi dera lalikulu la gamma-trioxide, kuchuluka koyenera kwa ma oxides omwe amakhazikika pamwamba, ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi ntchito yothandiza yomwe imafalikira mkati mwa chophimbacho. Pofuna kuchepetsa Pt yokwera mtengo, mlingo wa Rh, kuwonjezera mlingo wa Pd ndikotsika mtengo, kuchepetsa mtengo wa chothandizira popanda kuchepetsa ma catalyst oyeretsa utsi wagalimoto pansi pa maziko a magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Pt. Pd. Kuyambitsa chophimba chothandizira cha Rh, nthawi zambiri njira yothira yonse yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa cerium oxide ndi lanthanum oxide, imapanga mphamvu yothandiza kwambiri. Chothandizira chachitsulo chamtengo wapatali cha ternary. Lanthanum oxide ndi cerium oxide zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zothandizira kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito a ¦ A-Alumina imathandizira ma catalyst achitsulo abwino. Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, njira yothandizira ya cerium oxide ndi lanthanum oxide makamaka ndiyo kukonza ntchito yothandizira ya chophimba chogwira ntchito, kusintha zokha chiŵerengero cha mpweya ndi mafuta ndi catalysis, ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi mphamvu yamakina ya chonyamuliracho.