Papamuri me te Āhuatanga Whānui
Ngā huānga whenua ongeKo te papa o te IIIB scandium, te yttrium me te lanthanum i roto i te ripanga ā-pūmotu. E 17 ngā huānga. He āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki tō te whenua onge, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te ahumahi, te ahuwhenua me ētahi atu mara. Ko te parakore o ngā matū whenua onge te whakatau tika i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ngā rauemi. Ka taea e ngā momo parakore o ngā rauemi whenua onge te whakaputa rauemi uku, rauemi kanapa me ngā rauemi hiko me ngā whakaritenga mahi rerekē. I tēnei wā, me te whanaketanga o te hangarau tango whenua onge, he pai te tirohanga mākete mō ngā matū whenua onge ma, ā, ko te whakarite i ngā rauemi whenua onge mahi-teitei e whakatairanga ana i ngā whakaritenga teitei ake mō ngā matū whenua onge ma. He whānui ngā whakamahinga o te matū cerium, ā, ko tōna pānga i roto i te nuinga o ngā tono e pā ana ki tōna parakore, ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te ihirangi poke. I roto i te tohatoha o ngā huānga whenua onge, tata ki te 50% o ngā rauemi whenua onge māmā te cerium. I te piki haere o te tono o te cerium parakore teitei, ka piki haere te hiahia mō te taupū ihirangi whenua onge kore-onge mō ngā matū cerium.Waikura ceriumKo te waikura ceric, ko te nama CAS ko 1306-38-3, ko te tātai ngota ko CeO2, te taumaha ngota: 172.11; Ko te waikura cerium te waikura tino pumau o te huānga whenua onge cerium. He totoka kōwhai mā i te pāmahana rūma, ā, ka pouri haere ina wera. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te waikura cerium i roto i ngā rauemi kanapa, ngā whakakorikori, te paura whakakanapa, te parenga UV me ētahi atu āhuatanga nā tōna mahi tino pai. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakaoho ake i te hiahia o te tini o ngā kairangahau. Ko te whakarite me te mahi o te waikura cerium kua noho hei wāhi rangahau rongonui i ngā tau tata nei.
Tukanga Whakaputa
Tikanga 1: Whakaohokia i te pāmahana rūma, tāpirihia te wairewa konutai hauwaiwai o te 5.0mol/L ki te wairewa cerium sulfate o te 0.1mol/L, whakatikatikahia te uara pH kia neke atu i te 10, ā, ka puta te tauhohenga maturuturu. I pupuhihia te paru, i horoia kia maha ngā wā ki te wai whakakore iona, kātahi ka whakamarokehia i roto i te oumu 90℃ mō ngā haora 24. I muri i te huri me te tātari (te rahi o te matūriki iti iho i te 0.1mm), ka whiwhihia te waikura cerium ka whakatakotoria ki te wāhi maroke hei penapena hiri. Tikanga 2: Tangohia te cerium chloride, te cerium nitrate rānei hei rauemi mata, whakatikatikahia te uara pH ki te 2 me te wai haukini, tāpirihia te oxalate hei whakapūmau i te cerium oxalate, i muri i te whakamahana, te whakamaroke, te wehe me te horoi, whakamarokehia i te 110℃, kātahi ka tahuna ki te waikura cerium i te 900 ~ 1000℃. Ka taea te whiwhi i te waikura cerium mā te whakamahana i te ranunga o te waikura cerium me te paura waro i te 1250℃ i roto i te hauhautanga o te hauota waro.
Tono
E whakamahia ana te Cerium Oxide mō ngā tāpiringa o te umanga karāhe, ngā rauemi huri karāhe pereti, ā, kua whakawhānuihia ki te huri karāhe mō ngā mōhiti, ngā arotahi whatu, te kinescope, te whakama, te whakamārama, te karāhe mai i te hihi ultraviolet me te mimiti o te waea hiko, me ētahi atu. E whakamahia ana hoki hei ārai-whakaata mō ngā arotahi mōhiti, ā, e whakamahia ana te cerium hei hanga i te cerium titanium kia kōwhai kia mārama te karāhe. He pānga motuhake te mua o te waikura whenua onge ki te tioata me ngā āhuatanga o ngā uku karāhe i roto i te pūnaha CaO-MgO-AI2O3-SiO2. E whakaatu ana ngā hua rangahau he pai te tāpiri i te mua waikura tika hei whakapai ake i te pānga whakamārama o te wai karāhe, te whakakore i ngā mirumiru, te whakakīkī i te hanganga karāhe, me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te ātete kawakore o ngā rauemi. Ko te nui o te tāpiri pai rawa atu o te cerium oxide he 1.5, ina whakamahia ana i roto i te karaihe uku me te umanga hiko hei penetrant uku piezoelectric. E whakamahia ana hoki i roto i te hanga i te whakakorikori ngohe teitei, te uhi rama hau, te mata rama-X (e whakamahia ana i roto i te kaihoko whakakanapa arotahi). He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te paura whakakanapa cerium whenua onge i roto i ngā kāmera, ngā karāhe kāmera, ngā ngongo pikitia POUAKA WHAKAATA, ngā karāhe arotahi, me ērā atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i roto i te umanga karāhe. Ka taea te whakamahi tahi i te waikura cerium me te hauhā titanium hei hanga i te karāhe kia kōwhai. Ko ngā painga o te waikura cerium mō te whakakore tae karāhe ko te mahi pumau i te pāmahana teitei, te utu iti me te kore e mimiti i te mārama e kitea ana. Hei tāpiri, ka tāpirihia te waikura cerium ki te karāhe e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare me ngā motuka hei whakaiti i te tuku o te mārama ultraviolet. Mō te hanga rauemi kanapa whenua onge, ka tāpirihia te waikura cerium hei whakahohe i roto i ngā phosphors whenua onge tae-toru e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rauemi kanapa o ngā rama penapena hiko me ngā phosphors e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tohu me ngā pūoko hihi. He rauemi mata hoki te waikura cerium mō te whakarite i te cerium whakarewa. Hei tāpiri, i roto i ngā rauemi semiconductor, ngā tae kounga teitei me te karāhe whakakanapa photosensitizer, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te horoi putanga hau motuka. Ko te whakakorikori mō te horoi putanga hau motuka he mea hanga nui mai i te kawe uku (whakarewa rānei) me te paninga whakahohe mata. Ko te paninga whakahohe he nui te wāhi o te gamma-trioxide, he nui ngā waikura e tika ana hei whakau i te mata, me te konganuku he mahi whakatere e horapa ana i roto i te paninga. Hei whakaiti i te horopeta Pt, Rh utu nui, he iti te utu o te whakanui ake i te horopeta o te Pd, he whakaiti i te utu o te whakatere me te kore e whakaiti i ngā whakatere horoi hau motuka i raro i te kaupapa o ngā mahi rerekē, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te Pt. Pd. Ko te whakahohenga o te paninga whakatere Rh ternary, he tikanga rumaki katoa hei tāpiri i tētahi nui o te waikura cerium me te waikura lanthanum, he tino pai te pānga whakatere whenua onge. He whakatere ternary konganuku utu nui. I whakamahia te waikura lanthanum me te waikura cerium hei āwhina hei whakapai ake i te mahi o ngā whakatere konganuku rangatira e tautokona ana e te A-Alumina. E ai ki te rangahau, ko te tikanga whakatere o te waikura cerium me te waikura lanthanum ko te whakapai ake i te mahi whakatere o te paninga hohe, te whakarite aunoa i te ōwehenga hau-wahie me te whakatere, me te whakapai ake i te pumau wera me te kaha miihini o te kaikawe.