Imvelaphi kunye nemeko ngokubanzi
Izinto ezingaqhelekanga zomhlabaZiibhodi zomgangatho ze-IIIB scandium, i-yttrium kunye ne-lanthanum kwitheyibhile yexesha. Kukho izinto ze-l7. I-Rare earth ineempawu ezizodwa zomzimba nezekhemikhali kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino, kwezolimo nakwamanye amasimi. Ubumsulwa beekhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo bumisela ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zezinto. Ubumsulwa obahlukeneyo bezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba bunokuvelisa izinto ze-ceramic, izinto ezikhanyayo kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Okwangoku, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokukhupha umhlaba onqabileyo, iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezicocekileyo zinika ithuba elihle lokuthengisa, kwaye ukulungiswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezikumgangatho ophezulu kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zeekhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezicocekileyo. Ikhompawundi ye-Cerium inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, kwaye isiphumo sayo kwizicelo ezininzi sinxulumene nobumsulwa bayo, iimpawu zomzimba kunye nomxholo wokungcola. Ekusasazweni kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, i-cerium ibandakanya malunga ne-50% yezixhobo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezikhanyayo. Ngokusetyenziswa okwandayo kwe-cerium yobumsulwa obuphezulu, imfuneko yesalathiso somxholo womhlaba ongaqhelekanga kwiikhompawundi ze-cerium iphezulu nangakumbi.I-cerium oxideyi-ceric oxide, inombolo ye-CAS yi-1306-38-3, ifomula yemolekyuli yi-CeO2, ubunzima bemolekyuli: 172.11; I-Cerium oxide yeyona oxide izinzileyo kwi-cerium ye-rare earth element. Yi-solid emthubi okhanyayo kubushushu begumbi kwaye iba mnyama xa ishushu. I-Cerium oxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezikhanyayo, kwii-catalysts, kwi-polish powder, kwi-UV shielding nakwezinye izinto ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ivuse umdla wabaphandi abaninzi. Ukulungiswa nokusebenza kwe-cerium oxide kube yindawo ephambili yophando kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Inkqubo yeMveliso
Indlela yoku-1: Xuba kubushushu begumbi, yongeza isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide se-5.0mol/L kwisisombululo se-cerium sulfate se-0.1mol/L, lungisa ixabiso le-pH libe ngaphezulu kwe-10, kwaye kwenzeka ukusabela kwemvula. I-sediment yaphonswa, yahlanjwa amaxesha amaninzi ngamanzi acocekileyo, yaza yomiswa kwi-oven engama-90℃ iiyure ezingama-24. Emva kokugaywa nokuhluzwa (ubungakanani besuntswana bungaphantsi kwe-0.1mm), i-cerium oxide ifunyanwa kwaye ibekwe kwindawo eyomileyo ukuze igcinwe ivaliwe. Indlela yesi-2: Ukuthatha i-cerium chloride okanye i-cerium nitrate njengezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungisa ixabiso le-pH ukuya kwi-2 ngamanzi e-ammonia, ukongeza i-oxalate ukuze i-cerium oxalate ikhawuleze, emva kokufudumeza, ukunyanga, ukwahlula kunye nokuhlanjwa, ukomisa kwi-110℃, emva koko itshiswe kwi-cerium oxide kwi-900 ~ 1000℃. I-Cerium oxide ingafunyanwa ngokufudumeza umxube we-cerium oxide kunye ne-carbon powder kwi-1250℃ kwindawo eshushu ye-carbon monoxide.
Isicelo
I-Cerium Oxide isetyenziselwa izongezo kwishishini leglasi, izinto zokugaya iglasi yepleyiti, kwaye yandiswa ukuya kwiglasi yokugaya iiglasi, iilensi ze-optical, i-kinescope, i-bleaching, i-clarizing, iglasi ye-ultraviolet radiation kunye nokufunxwa kwentambo ye-elektroniki, njl. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-anti-reflector yelensi yeglasi, kwaye i-cerium isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-cerium titanium etyheli ukwenza iglasi ibe mthubi okhanyayo. I-rare earth oxidation front inefuthe elithile kwi-crystallization kunye neempawu ze-ceramics zeglasi kwinkqubo ye-CAO-MgO-AI2O3-SiO2. Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-oxidation front efanelekileyo kuluncedo ekuphuculeni isiphumo sokukhanyisa seglasi, ukususa amaqamza, ukwenza isakhiwo seglasi sibe ncinci, kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nokumelana kwe-alkali kwezinto. Inani elifanelekileyo lokongeza le-cerium oxide yi-1.5, xa isetyenziswa kwi-ceramic glaze nakwishishini le-elektroniki njenge-piezoelectric ceramic penetrant. Ikwasetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwe-catalyst esebenzayo ephezulu, i-gas lamp incandescent cover, i-X-ray fluorescent screen (isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-lens polishing agent). I-Rare earth cerium polishing powder isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhamera, iilensi zekhamera, ityhubhu yomfanekiso weTV, iilensi, njl. Ingasetyenziswa nakwishishini leglasi. I-Cerium oxide kunye ne-titanium dioxide zingasetyenziswa kunye ukwenza iglasi ibe tyheli. I-Cerium oxide yokususa umbala kwiglasi ineenzuzo zokusebenza okuzinzileyo kubushushu obuphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokufunxwa kokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ukongeza, i-cerium oxide yongezwa kwiglasi esetyenziswa kwizakhiwo nakwiimoto ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezikhanyayo ze-rare earth, i-cerium oxide yongezwa njenge-activator kwi-rare earth tri-color phosphors esetyenziswa kwizinto ezikhanyayo zezibane zokonga amandla kunye ne-phosphors ezisetyenziswa kwizalathisi kunye nezixhobo zokubona imitha. I-Cerium oxide ikwayinto eluhlaza yokulungiselela i-cerium yesinyithi. Ukongeza, kwizixhobo ze-semiconductor, ii-pigments zezinga eliphezulu kunye ne-photosensitive glass sensitizer, i-automotive exhaust purifier isetyenziswa kakhulu. I-catalyst yokucocwa kwe-automobile exhaust yenziwe kakhulu yi-honeycomb ceramic carrier (okanye isinyithi) kunye ne-surface activated coating. I-activated coating iquka indawo enkulu ye-gamma-trioxide, isixa esifanelekileyo se-oxides ezinzisa indawo yomphezulu, kunye nesinyithi esinomsebenzi we-catalytic osasazeke ngaphakathi kwe-coating. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-Pt ebizayo, i-Rh dosage, ukwandisa i-Pd kubiza kancinci, kunciphisa iindleko ze-catalyst ngaphandle kokunciphisa ii-catalysts zokucoca i-exhaust yemoto phantsi kwesiseko semisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, i-Pt. Pd esetyenziswa rhoqo. Ukusebenza kwe-Rh ternary catalyst coating, ngokuqhelekileyo yindlela yokuntywiliselwa iyonke yokongeza isixa esithile se-cerium oxide kunye ne-lanthanum oxide, yenza isiphumo se-rare earth catalytic sigqwesile. I-priceful metal ternary catalysts. I-Lanthanum oxide kunye ne-cerium oxide zisetyenzisiwe njengezincedisi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-¦ I-A-Alumina ixhasa ii-noble metal catalysts. Ngokophando, indlela ye-catalytic ye-cerium oxide kunye ne-lanthanum oxide ikakhulu kukuphucula umsebenzi we-catalytic we-active coating, ukulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo umlinganiselo we-air-fuel kunye ne-catalysis, kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lobushushu kunye namandla oomatshini othwala.