Nhoroondo uye Mamiriro Ezvinhu Akajairika
Zvinhu zvepanyika zvisingawanzoitikindiyo bhodhi repasi reIIIB scandium, yttrium nelanthanum mutafura yeperiodic. Kune zvinhu l7. Nyika isina kuchena ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwepanyama nemakemikari uye yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri, kurima nedzimwe nzvimbo. Kuchena kwemakemikari epasi asina kuchena kunosarudza zvakananga hunhu hwakakosha hwezvinhu izvi. Kuchena kwakasiyana kwezvinhu zvisina kuchena kunogona kugadzira zvinhu zveceramic, zvinhu zve fluorescent uye zvinhu zvemagetsi zvine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekushanda. Parizvino, nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekubvisa nyika isina kuchena, mishonga yakachena isina kuchena inopa mukana wakanaka wemusika, uye kugadzirira kwezvinhu zvisina kuchena zvisina kuchena zvinopa zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvemakemikari asina kuchena epasi. Cerium compound ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, uye mhedzisiro yayo mumashandisirwo mazhinji ine chekuita nekuchena kwayo, hunhu hwepanyama uye huwandu hwekusachena. Mukugoverwa kwezvinhu zvisina kuchena zvepasi, cerium inokwana 50% yezviwanikwa zvepasi zvisina kuchena. Nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwecerium ine kuchena kwakanyanya, chinodiwa che non - rare earth content index yemakemikari ecerium chakakwira zvakanyanya.Cerium oxidei ceric oxide, nhamba yeCAS i1306-38-3, fomura yemamorekuru iCeO2, huremu hwemorekuru: 172.11; Cerium oxide ndiyo oxide yakagadzikana kupfuura dzose dze rare earth element cerium. Isimbi yero yakachenuruka patembiricha yemumba uye inosviba kana yapiswa. Cerium oxide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvinopenya, ma catalysts, polishing powder, UV shielding nezvimwe zvinhu nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka. Mumakore achangopfuura, yakamutsa kufarira kwevaongorori vazhinji. Kugadzirwa uye kushanda kwecerium oxide kwave nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa mukutsvaga mumakore achangopfuura.
Maitiro Ekugadzira
Nzira 1: Sanganisai patembiricha yemumba, wedzerai sodium hydroxide solution ye5.0mol/L kune cerium sulfate solution ye0.1mol/L, gadzirisai pH kuti ipfuure 10, uye mvura inonaya inoitika. Mvura inopombwa, yogezwa kakawanda nemvura yakabviswa ion, yozoomeswa muovheni ye90℃ kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Mushure mekukuya nekusefa (saizi yezvikamu iri pasi pe0.1mm), cerium oxide inowanikwa yoiswa panzvimbo yakaoma kuti ichengetwe yakavharwa. Nzira 2: Kutora cerium chloride kana cerium nitrate sezvinhu zvakabikwa, kugadzirisa pH kukosha kusvika 2 nemvura yeammonia, kuwedzera oxalate kuti cerium oxalate iite, mushure mekudziya, kupukuta, kuparadzanisa uye kusuka, kuomesa pa110℃, wozopisa ku cerium oxide pa900 ~ 1000℃. Cerium oxide inogona kuwanikwa nekupisa musanganiswa we cerium oxide ne carbon powder pa1250℃ mumhepo ine carbon monoxide.
Kushandiswa
Cerium Oxide inoshandiswa mukuwedzera magirazi, zvinhu zvekukuya magirazi, uye yakawedzerwa kugirazi rekukuya magirazi, magirazi e optical lenses, kinescope, bleaching, clarification, girazi re ultraviolet radiation uye kunyudzwa kwewaya yemagetsi, nezvimwewo. Inoshandiswawo se anti-reflector yelenzi yegirazi, uye cerium inoshandiswa kugadzira cerium titanium yero kuita kuti girazi rive yero yakapfava. Rare earth oxidation front ine simba rakati pa crystallization uye hunhu hwegirazi ceramics mu THE CaO-MgO-AI2O3-SiO2 system. Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa inoratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kwe oxidation front yakakodzera kunobatsira kuvandudza clearance effect yegirazi liquid, kubvisa mabubbles, kuita kuti girazi rive compact, uye kuvandudza mechanical properties uye alkali resistance yezvinhu. Huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuwedzera hwe cerium oxide i1.5, kana ichishandiswa mu ceramic glaze uye electronic industry se piezoelectric ceramic penetrant. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira high activity catalyst, gas lamp incandescent cover, X-ray fluorescent screen (inonyanya kushandiswa mu lens polishing agent). Upfu hwekupukuta hweRare earth cerium hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakamera, malenzi ekamera, chubhu yemufananidzo weTV, lenzi, nezvimwewo. Hunogonawo kushandiswa muindasitiri yegirazi. Cerium oxide netitanium dioxide zvinogona kushandiswa pamwe chete kugadzira girazi reyero. Cerium oxide yekubvisa ruvara rwegirazi ine zvakanakira zvekushanda kwakasimba pakupisa kwakanyanya, mutengo wakaderera uye kusapinza chiedza chinoonekwa. Pamusoro pezvo, cerium oxide inowedzerwa mugirazi rinoshandiswa muzvivakwa nemota kuderedza kufambiswa kwechiedza cheultraviolet. Pakugadzira zvinhu zvinopenya zverare earth, cerium oxide inowedzerwa seactivator murare earth tri-color phosphors inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinopenya zvemwenje inochengetedza simba uye phosphors inoshandiswa muzviratidzo uye muzviyereso zvemwaranzi. Cerium oxide zvakare chinhu chisina kugadzirwa chekugadzira cerium yesimbi. Pamusoro pezvo, muzvinhu zve semiconductor, pigments yepamusoro uye photosensitive glass sensitizer, automotive exhaust purifier yakashandiswa zvakanyanya. Chinhu chinobatsira pakuchenesa exhaust yemota chinonyanya kuumbwa ne honeycomb ceramic (kana simbi) carrier uye surface activated coating. Kuputira kwakabatidzwa kunosanganisira nzvimbo yakakura ye gamma-trioxide, huwandu hwakakodzera hwema oxide anodzikamisa nzvimbo yepamusoro, uye simbi ine catalytic activity yakapararira mukati me coating. Kuti kuderedza Pt inodhura, Rh dosage, kuwedzera dosage yePd yakachipa, kuderedza mutengo we catalytic pasina kuderedza mota exhaust cleansing catalysts pasi pepfungwa dzekushanda kwakasiyana-siyana, Pt. Pd inowanzoshandiswa. Kuvhurwa kweRh ternary catalyst coating, kazhinji nzira yekunyudza yakazara yekuwedzera huwandu hwakati hwe cerium oxide ne lanthanum oxide, inoita rare earth catalytic effect yakanaka kwazvo. Precious metal ternary catalysts. Lanthanum oxide ne cerium oxide zvakashandiswa seauxiliarys kuvandudza mashandiro e ¦ A-Alumina inotsigira noble metal catalysts. Sekureva kwetsvakiridzo, catalytic mechanism ye cerium oxide ne lanthanum oxide inonyanya kuvandudza catalytic activity ye active coating, kugadzirisa otomatiki air-fuel ratio uye catalysis, uye kuvandudza thermal stability uye mechanical strength ye carrier.