Ka Moolelo a me ke Kūlana Laulā
Nā mea honua laha ʻoleʻo ia ka papahele o IIIB scandium, yttrium a me lanthanum ma ka papa manawa. Aia he l7 mau mea. Loaʻa i ka honua laha nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika kū hoʻokahi a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana, ka mahiʻai a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe o nā hui honua laha e hoʻoholo pololei i nā waiwai kūikawā o nā mea. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe like ʻole o nā mea honua laha hiki ke hana i nā mea keramika, nā mea fluorescent a me nā mea uila me nā koi hana like ʻole. I kēia manawa, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana unuhi honua laha, hōʻike nā hui honua laha maʻemaʻe i kahi manaʻolana mākeke maikaʻi, a ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea honua laha hana kiʻekiʻe e kau i nā koi kiʻekiʻe no nā hui honua laha maʻemaʻe. Loaʻa i ka hui Cerium kahi ākea o nā hoʻohana, a ʻo kona hopena i ka hapa nui o nā noi e pili ana i kona maʻemaʻe, nā waiwai kino a me ka ʻike haumia. I ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea honua laha, helu ʻo cerium no kahi 50% o nā kumuwaiwai honua laha māmā. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka noi o ka cerium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke koi o ka ʻike honua laha ʻole no nā hui cerium.ʻOkiuma seriumaʻO ka ceric oxide, ʻo ka helu CAS he 1306-38-3, ʻo ke ʻano molekala ʻo CeO2, ke kaumaha molekala: 172.11; ʻO Cerium oxide ka oxide paʻa loa o ka cerium element honua laha ʻole. He melemele palupalu ia i ka mahana o ka lumi a lilo i ʻeleʻele ke hoʻomehana ʻia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Cerium oxide i nā mea luminescent, nā mea hoʻoulu, ka pauka polishing, ka pale UV a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻāla ia i ka hoihoi o nā mea noiʻi he nui. Ua lilo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka cerium oxide i wahi no ka noiʻi i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
Kaʻina Hana
Hana 1: E hoʻoulu i ka mahana o ka lumi, e hoʻohui i ka hopena sodium hydroxide o 5.0mol/L i ka hopena cerium sulfate o 0.1mol/L, e hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10, a laila hana ʻia ka hopena ua. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka sediment, holoi ʻia i nā manawa he nui me ka wai deionized, a laila hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i loko o ka umu 90℃ no 24 mau hola. Ma hope o ka wili ʻana a me ke kānana ʻana (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka ʻāpana ma mua o 0.1mm), loaʻa ka cerium oxide a waiho ʻia i kahi maloʻo no ka mālama paʻa ʻana. Hana 2: Lawe i ka cerium chloride a i ʻole cerium nitrate ma ke ʻano he mea maka, e hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH i 2 me ka wai ammonia, e hoʻohui i ka oxalate e hoʻoheheʻe i ka cerium oxalate, ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, ka hoʻōla ʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana, e hoʻomaloʻo ana ma 110℃, a laila e puhi ana i ka cerium oxide ma 900 ~ 1000℃. Hiki ke loaʻa ka cerium oxide ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ka cerium oxide a me ka pauka kalapona ma 1250℃ i loko o kahi lewa o ke kalapona monoxide.
Noi
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Cerium Oxide no nā mea hoʻohui o ka ʻoihana aniani, nā mea wili aniani papa, a ua hoʻonui ʻia i nā aniani wili aniani, nā aniani optical, kinescope, bleaching, clarification, aniani o ka radiation ultraviolet a me ka omo ʻana o ka uea uila, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia ma ke ʻano he anti-reflector no ka aniani maka, a hoʻohana ʻia ʻo cerium e hana i ka cerium titanium melemele e hana i ke aniani melemele māmā. Loaʻa i ka mua oxidation honua laha kahi mana i ka crystallization a me nā waiwai o nā keramika aniani ma THE CaO-MgO-AI2O3-SiO2 system. Hōʻike nā hopena noiʻi he pono ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi mua oxidation kūpono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena clarification o ka wai aniani, hoʻopau i nā pehu, hoʻopaʻa i ke ʻano aniani, a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa alkali o nā mea. ʻO ka nui hoʻohui kūpono o ka cerium oxide he 1.5, i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka glaze ceramic a me ka ʻoihana uila ma ke ʻano he piezoelectric ceramic penetrant. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka mea hoʻoulu hana kiʻekiʻe, ka uhi incandescent kukui kinoea, ka pale fluorescent X-ray (hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mea hoʻopili lens). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pauka poni honua cerium laha ʻole i nā kāmela, nā aniani kāmela, ka paipu kiʻi TELEVISION, nā aniani, a pēlā aku. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka ʻoihana aniani. Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia ka Cerium oxide a me ka titanium dioxide e hana i ke aniani melemele. Loaʻa i ka Cerium oxide no ka decolorization aniani nā pono o ka hana paʻa ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻole o ka omo ʻana o ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia. Eia kekahi, hoʻohui ʻia ka cerium oxide i ke aniani i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā hale a me nā kaʻa e hōʻemi i ka transmittance o ka mālamalama ultraviolet. No ka hana ʻana i nā mea luminescent honua laha ʻole, hoʻohui ʻia ka cerium oxide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu i nā phosphors tri-kala laha ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea luminescent o nā kukui mālama ikehu a me nā phosphors i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōkuhi a me nā mea ʻike radiation. ʻO ka Cerium oxide kekahi mea maka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka metala cerium. Eia kekahi, i nā mea semiconductor, nā pigments kiʻekiʻe a me ka photosensitizer aniani photosensitive, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻopau kaʻa. ʻO ka mea hoʻoulu no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka honeycomb ceramic (a i ʻole metala) a me ka uhi hoʻāla ʻia o ka ʻili. ʻO ka uhi i hoʻāla ʻia he wahi nui o ka gamma-trioxide, kahi nui kūpono o nā oxides e hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻili, a me kahi metala me ka hana catalytic i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka uhi. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o ka Pt, Rh, hoʻonui i ka nui o ka Pd he haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai, e hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka catalyst me ka ʻole o ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā catalysts hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hoʻopau kaʻa ma lalo o ke kumu o nā hana like ʻole, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Pt. Pd. ʻO ka hoʻāla ʻana o ka uhi catalyst Rh ternary, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻano hoʻokomo piha e hoʻohui i kahi nui o ka cerium oxide a me ka lanthanum oxide, he hopena catalytic honua kakaikahi maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka catalyst ternary metala makamae. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Lanthanum oxide a me ka cerium oxide ma ke ʻano he mau mea kōkua e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā catalysts metala hanohano i kākoʻo ʻia e A-Alumina. Wahi a ka noiʻi, ʻo ke ʻano catalytic o ka cerium oxide a me ka lanthanum oxide ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana catalytic o ka uhi hana, hoʻoponopono koke i ka ratio air-fuel a me ka catalysis, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa thermal a me ka ikaika mechanical o ka mea lawe.