I-Lutetium(III) Oxide
| I-Lutetium OxideIzakhiwo |
| Igama elifanayo | I-Lutetium oxide, i-Lutetium sesquioxide |
| Inombolo ye-CAS. | 12032-20-1 |
| Ifomula yamakhemikhali | I-Lu2O3 |
| Isisindo se-molar | 397.932g/mol |
| Indawo yokuncibilika | 2,490°C(4,510°F;2,760K) |
| Indawo yokubilisa | 3,980°C(7,200°F;4,250K) |
| Ukuncibilika kwezinye izinyibilikisi | Akuncibiliki |
| Igebe lebhendi | 5.5eV |
Ukuhlanzeka OkuphezuluI-Lutetium OxideImininingwane
| Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana (D50) | 2.85 μm |
| Ubumsulwa (Lu2O3) | ≧99.999% |
| I-TREO (i-TotalRareEarthOxides) | 99.55% |
| Okuqukethwe kokungcola kwe-RE | i-ppm | Ukungcola Okungeyona i-REE | i-ppm |
| I-La2O3 | <1 | I-Fe2O3 | 1.39 |
| I-CeO2 | <1 | I-SiO2 | 10.75 |
| I-Pr6O11 | <1 | I-CaO | 23.49 |
| Nd2O3 | <1 | I-PbO | Nd |
| I-Sm2O3 | <1 | I-CL¯ | 86.64 |
| I-Eu2O3 | <1 | I-LOI | 0.15% |
| I-Gd2O3 | <1 | ||
| I-Tb4O7 | <1 | ||
| I-Dy2O3 | <1 | ||
| I-Ho2O3 | <1 | ||
| I-Er2O3 | <1 | ||
| I-Tm2O3 | <1 | ||
| Yb2O3 | <1 | ||
| Y2O3 | <1 |
【Ukupakisha】25KG/isikhwama Izidingo: ayingeni umswakama, ayinathuli, yomile, ifaka umoya futhi ihlanzekile.
KuyiniI-Lutetium Oxideisetshenziselwa?
Amakristalu e-laser kanye nezinto ze-core matrix zama-laser aqinile:
Izicelo Eziyinhloko: I-Lu₂O₃ iyinto eyinhloko yokuqala yokukhiqiza amakristalu e-laser asebenza kahle njenge-lutetium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet kanye ne-lutetium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride. Lawa makristalu avame ukuvezwa njenge-Lu: YAG (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) noma i-Lu: YLF (Yttrium Lithium Fluoride).
Indlela yokusebenza: Ama-ion e-Lutetium (Lu³⁺) ngokwawo awavamile ukusetshenziswa njengama-ion asebenzayo (izikhungo zokukhishwa kwe-laser). Noma kunjalo, njengengxenye ye-lattice ye-matrix, anganikeza indawo ye-lattice ezinzile kakhulu futhi ehlangene. Uma exutshwe namanye ama-ion omhlaba angavamile (njenge-Nd³⁺, Yb³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺, Ho³⁺), amakristalu asekelwe ku-Lu₂O₃ abonisa:
Ukushisa okuphezulu: Kuqeda ukushisa ngempumelelo, kuvumela ukusebenza kwe-laser enamandla aphezulu futhi kunciphisa imiphumela yelensi yokushisa.
Ukuzinza okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwemishini: Qinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kwama-laser ezindaweni ezinzima.
Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zamandla e-phonon: Ithinta isikhathi sokuphila kwezinga lamandla kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kwama-ion e-laser.
Izicelo: Lawa ma-laser asetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubungulweni kwezinto zezimboni (ukusika, ukushisela, ukumaka), ezokwelapha (ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo, ukwelashwa kwesikhumba), ucwaningo lwesayensi, i-lidar, kanye nocwaningo lwe-inertial confinement fusion.
Izinto zobumba ezikhethekile kanye nengilazi:
Ingilazi ye-optical ekhombisa ukukhanya okuphezulu/ebonisa ukukhanya okuphansi: I-Lu₂O₃ isetshenziselwa ukwenza ingilazi ekhethekile ekhombisa ukukhanya (njengengilazi ye-lanthanide optical) ene-refractive index ephezulu kakhulu kanye nezici eziphansi kakhulu zokusabalala. Le ngilazi ibalulekile ekulungiseni ukuphambuka kwe-chromatic ezinhlelweni ze-optical ezithuthukisiwe (njengezinhloso ze-microscope, amalensi ekhamera aphezulu, kanye nezinhlelo ze-lithography).
Izitsha zobumba ezingabonakali: I-Lu₂O₃ ngokwayo noma ihlanganiswe namanye ama-oxide (njenge-Y₂O₃) ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izitsha zobumba ezinombala we-polycrystalline obonakalayo. Lezi zitsha zobumba zinokufana kokukhanya kanye nokudlulisa ukukhanya okufana namakristalu angawodwa, kodwa zikhulu ngobukhulu, zinamandla aphezulu okusebenza, futhi zingase zingabizi kakhulu ukuzilungiselela. Izicelo zifaka phakathi imidiya yokuthola i-laser, amafasitela e-infrared, ama-missile fairings, kanye nezibani zokukhanyisa ezinamandla aphezulu.
Izithasiselo ze-ceramic zesakhiwo: Inani elincane le-Lu₂O₃ lingangezwa njengesiza sokushisa noma i-ejenti yobunjiniyela bomngcele wokusanhlamvu ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini zokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation, kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwezinye izinto ze-ceramic ezithuthukisiwe (njenge-silicon nitride kanye ne-silicon carbide), futhi lisetshenziswa kuma-bearings okushisa okuphezulu, amathuluzi okusika, kanye nezingxenye zenjini ye-turbine.
Ukutholwa kwe-scintillator kanye nemisebe:
Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko: I-Lu₂O₃ iyinto eluhlaza ebaluleke kakhulu yokwenziwa kwamakristalu alinganayo kanye ne-ceramics asekelwe ku-lutetium asebenza kahle kakhulu. Abameleli ababaluleke kakhulu yilaba:
I-Lutetium silicate: I-Lu₂SiO₅:Ce³⁺ kanye namakristalu ayo aphuma kuyo. Ngobuningi obuphezulu (~7.4 g/cm³), inombolo ye-athomu esebenza kahle kakhulu, isikhathi sokubola okusheshayo, kanye nokukhishwa kokukhanya okuphezulu, iyinto yokuhlonza ethuthuke kakhulu ku-positron emission tomography.
I-Lutetium yttrium aluminate: (Lu, Y) )₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ ceramics. Ihlanganisa izinzuzo zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukubola okusheshayo, ukulungiswa kwamandla okuhle, kanye ne-ceramics ezingenziwa zibe osayizi abakhulu kanye nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekufomeni kwezokwelapha (i-PET/CT), ekuhlolweni kwefiziksi enamandla aphezulu, ekuphepheni kwezwe (ukuskena imithwalo/impahla), kanye nokugcinwa kwemithombo yamafutha.
Izinzuzo: Inombolo ephezulu ye-athomu (71) ye-lutetium inikeza amandla okuvimba i-photon enamandla aphezulu (i-X-ray, i-gamma ray), okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokutholakala.
Ama-phosphor nezinto ezikhanyayo:
Izinto ze-matrix: I-Lu₂O₃ ingasetshenziswa njenge-matrix ephumelelayo yezinto ezikhanyayo ezisebenza nge-ion yomhlaba engavamile. Uma ifakwe ama-ion e-europium (Eu³⁺), ingakhipha ukukhanya okubomvu okumsulwa kakhulu (i-main peak ~611 nm) nge-bandwidth encane yokukhipha kanye nobumsulwa bombala obuphezulu.
Izicelo: Isetshenziswa kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokubonisa obusezingeni eliphezulu (njengezikrini zokuqinisa isithombe se-X-ray yezokwelapha ezinesinqumo esiphezulu, izinhlobo ezithile zokubonisa ukukhishwa kwensimu) kanye nama-fluorescent probes (ama-biomarker, ama-sensor). Ukuqina kwayo okuhle kwamakhemikhali nokushisa kuqinisekisa impilo ende ye-phosphor.
Umphumela we-Catalytic:
Ingxenye ye-Catalyst: I-Lu₂O₃ iyasebenza ezinhlobonhlobo ze-catalytic reactions ngenxa ye-Lewis acidity yayo:
Ukuhluzwa kwe-petroleum: Kungasetshenziswa njengesithwali se-catalyst noma isakhi esisebenzayo (ngezinye izikhathi sisetshenziswa kanye nezinye i-metal oxides) ezinqubweni ezifana nokuqhekeka (ukubola uwoyela osindayo ube amafutha alula), i-alkylation (ukukhiqiza izingxenye ze-petroleum ezine-octane ephezulu), kanye ne-hydroprocessing (i-desulfurization, i-denitrogenation).
Ukusabela kwe-polymerization: Ekusabeleni kwe-polymerization kwama-olefin (njenge-ethylene ne-propylene), i-Lu₂O₃ noma izinto eziphuma kuyo zingasetshenziswa njengezingxenye ze-catalyst ukuze zithinte ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule kanye nesakhiwo esincane se-polymer.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-methane: Kubonisa inani locwaningo ekuphenduleni okufana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-methane oxidative noma ukuguqula ukukhiqiza igesi yokwenziwa.
Ukwelashwa kokukhishwa komoya emotweni: Kusetshenziswa njengesiqinisi noma njengengxenye ye-co-catalyst kuma-catalyst anezindlela ezintathu (yize ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungaphansi kwalokho kwe-cerium, i-zirconium, njll.).
Indlela Yokusebenza: Umsebenzi wayo wokuvuselela uvela kakhulu ekumuncweni nasekusebenzeni kwezikhala ze-oxygen engaphezulu kanye nezindawo ze-Lu³⁺ ion eziveziwe kuma-molecule asabelayo.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu:
Imboni Yenuzi: I-isotope Lu-176 (inqwaba yemvelo engaba ngu-2.6%) inesigaba esikhulu sokubamba i-neutron esishisayo futhi ingaguqulwa ibe yi-isotope enemisebe ewusizo kwezokwelapha i-Lu-177 (yokwelashwa ngemisebe okuqondiswe kuyo) ngemva kokushiswa ngemisebe ye-neutron. I-Lu₂O₃ iyinto yokuqala yokuhlanza i-Lu-176 noma ukulungiselela imithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals ye-Lu-177. I-Lu₂O₃ ehlanzekile kakhulu ingasetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni lwezinto ezimunca i-neutron noma izinduku zokulawula i-nuclear.
Izinto ze-elekthronikhi: Njengento yocwaningo lwezinto ze-dielectric zesango eliphezulu le-κ (ezisetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni se-silicon dioxide kuma-chips asekelwe ku-silicon), noma ucwaningo lwezinto ze-ferroelectric kanye ne-multiferroic.
Izinto zokumboza: Zisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izembozo ezivikelayo ezingamelani nokushisa okuphezulu, ukugqwala, noma ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile zokukhanya (njengezinjini zezindiza noma izingxenye ze-satellite optical).
I-physics yokuhlola: Isetshenziswa njengezinto ze-radiator ze-Cherenkov ekuhlolweni kwe-physics yezinhlayiya.
Isifinyezo:
I-Lutetium oxide (Lu₂O₃) akuyona neze into eluhlaza evamile. Iyinto ebalulekile esekela ubuchwepheshe besimanje obusezingeni eliphezulu. Inani layo eliyinhloko lilele ku:
Njengezinto ze-matrix zezinga eliphezulu zamakristalu e-laser asebenza kahle kakhulu (njenge-Lu: YAG, i-Lu: YLF), ivumela ama-lasers aqinile anamandla aphezulu, azinzile kakhulu.
Njengesisekelo sesizukulwane esilandelayo sezinto ze-scintillator (LSO, LYSO, LuAG: Ce), iqhuba ukusungulwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha (PET/CT) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthola imisebe.
Inikeza ingilazi ekhethekile yokukhanya kanye nobumba obubonakalayo izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhanya (ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukusabalala okuphansi, ububanzi bokudlulisa ukukhanya).
Njenge-phosphor matrix esebenza kahle kakhulu (Lu₂O₃:Eu³⁺), inikeza ukukhishwa kokukhanya okubomvu okumsulwa kakhulu.
Ibonisa ikhono eliyingqayizivele lokuqalisa ukusabela ku-catalysis engafani.
Zonke lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zithembele ekuhlanzekeni okuphezulu kwe-Lu₂O₃ (ngokuvamile edinga i-4N/99.99% noma ngisho ne-5N/99.999% noma ngaphezulu), isilinganiso esiqondile se-stoichiometric, kanye nesimo esithile somzimba (njenge-ultrafine powder, ama-nanoparticles). Ukujula nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwayo emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kusakhula, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe be-laser, izithombe zezokwelapha, kanye nemithi yenuzi, lapho inendawo engenakuphikwa khona.