Lutetium(III) Oxide

Kuyera KwambiriLutetium OxideKufotokozera

【Kupaka】25KG/thumba Zofunikira: sizimanyowa, sizimauma, sizimapuma mpweya komanso sizimaphwanyika.

Kodi ndi chiyaniLutetium Oxideimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa?

Makristalo a laser ndi zipangizo zapakati pa matrix za ma lasers olimba:

Ntchito zazikulu: Lu₂O₃ ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri poyambira kupanga makristalo a laser opambana kwambiri monga lutetium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet ndi lutetium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride. Makristalo amenewa nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa ngati Lu: YAG (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) kapena Lu: YLF (Yttrium Lithium Fluoride).
Njira Yogwirira Ntchito: Ma ioni a Lutetium (Lu³⁺) nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma ioni ogwira ntchito (malo otulutsa ma laser). Komabe, monga gawo la matrix lattice, amatha kupereka malo okhazikika komanso opapatiza a lattice. Akaphatikizidwa ndi ma ioni ena osowa padziko lapansi (monga Nd³⁺, Yb³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺, Ho³⁺), makristalo okhala ndi Lu₂O₃ amasonyeza:
Kutentha kwambiri: Kumachotsa kutentha bwino, kulola laser kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu komanso kuchepetsa zotsatira za ma lens a kutentha.
Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala ndi makina: Onetsetsani kuti ma lasers ndi odalirika kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta.
Mphamvu zabwino kwambiri za phonon: Zimakhudza nthawi yonse ya mphamvu komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ma laser ions.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Ma laser amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza zinthu zamafakitale (kudula, kuwotcherera, kulemba), zachipatala (opaleshoni ya maso, chithandizo cha khungu), kafukufuku wasayansi, kafukufuku wa lidar, ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi fusion wa inertial confinement.

Zadothi zapadera ndi galasi:

Galasi lowala lokhala ndi refractive index/low dispersion optical: Lu₂O₃ imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi apadera owoneka bwino (monga lanthanide optical glass) okhala ndi refractive index yayikulu kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri owoneka bwino. Galasi ili ndi lofunikira kwambiri pokonza kusintha kwa chromatic mu makina apamwamba owoneka bwino (monga ma microscope objectives, ma lens apamwamba a kamera, ndi makina a lithography).
Zoumba zowonekera bwino: Lu₂O₃ yokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi ma oxide ena (monga Y₂O₃) zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zoumba zowonekera bwino za polycrystalline. Zoumba zimenezi zili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana komanso kuwala kofanana ndi makristalo amodzi, koma ndi zazikulu kukula, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakaniko, ndipo zimakhala zotsika mtengo kukonzekera. Ntchito zake zikuphatikizapo laser gain media, mawindo a infrared, ma missile fairings, ndi ma lampshades amphamvu kwambiri.
Zowonjezera za ceramic: Lu₂O₃ yochepa ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ngati chothandizira kusungunula kapena chothandizira kukonza malire a tirigu kuti ikonze mawonekedwe a makina otentha kwambiri, kukana okosijeni, ndi kukana kugwedezeka kwa ceramics zina zapamwamba (monga silicon nitride ndi silicon carbide), ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma bearing otentha kwambiri, zida zodulira, ndi zigawo za injini ya turbine.

Kuzindikira kwa scintillator ndi radiation:

Zipangizo zoyambira: Lu₂O₃ ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga makristalo ndi zoumba za scintillator zopangidwa ndi lutetium. Oimira ofunikira kwambiri ndi awa:

Lutetium silicate: Lu₂SiO₅:Ce³⁺ ndi makhiristo ake opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zina. Ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu (~7.4 g/cm³), nambala ya atomiki yogwira ntchito bwino, nthawi yofulumira kuwola, komanso kutulutsa kuwala kwakukulu, ndiye chida chodziwika bwino kwambiri mu positron emission tomography.
Lutetium yttrium aluminate: (Lu, Y) )₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ zoumba. Kuphatikiza ubwino wa kuwala kowala kwambiri, kuwola mwachangu, mphamvu yabwino, ndi zoumba zomwe zingapangidwe kukhala zazikulu komanso mawonekedwe ovuta, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kujambula zamankhwala (PET/CT), kuyesa kwa fizikisi yamphamvu kwambiri, chitetezo cha dziko (kusanthula katundu/katundu), ndi kudula zitsime zamafuta.
Ubwino: Nambala yayikulu ya atomiki (71) ya lutetium imapatsa chipangizocho mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yotchinga photon (X-ray, gamma ray), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizigwira bwino ntchito.

Ma phosphors ndi zinthu zowala:
Zipangizo za Matrix: Lu₂O₃ ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati matrix yothandiza pazinthu zowala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma ion achilengedwe. Ikaphatikizidwa ndi ma europium ions (Eu³⁺), imatha kutulutsa kuwala kofiira koyera kwambiri (main peak ~611 nm) yokhala ndi bandwidth yopapatiza yotulutsa mpweya komanso kuyera kwamitundu yambiri.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka muukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri (monga zowonetsera za X-ray zachipatala, mitundu ina ya zowonetsera za field emission) ndi ma fluorescent probes (zolemba za biomarkers, masensa). Kukhazikika kwake kwabwino kwambiri kwa mankhwala ndi kutentha kumatsimikizira kuti phosphor imakhala nthawi yayitali.

Mphamvu yothandiza:
Chigawo cha Catalyst: Lu₂O₃ imagwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zoyambitsa chifukwa cha acidity yake ya Lewis:
Kuyeretsa mafuta: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chonyamulira kapena chinthu chogwira ntchito (nthawi zina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zitsulo zina) m'njira monga kusweka (kuwononga mafuta olemera kukhala mafuta opepuka), alkylation (kupanga zigawo zamafuta okhala ndi octane yambiri), ndi hydroprocessing (desulfurization, denitrogenation).
Kuchita kwa polymerization: Mu kuchita kwa polymerization kwa olefins (monga ethylene ndi propylene), Lu₂O₃ kapena zotumphukira zake zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zothandizira kusintha kufalikira kwa kulemera kwa mamolekyulu ndi kapangidwe kake ka polima.

Kusintha kwa Methane: Kumasonyeza kufunika kwa kafukufuku mu zochita monga kuphatikiza kwa methane oxidative kapena kusintha kuti apange mpweya wopangidwa.
Chithandizo cha utsi wa galimoto: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhazikika kapena chothandizira pa zinthu zitatu (ngakhale kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono kuposa cha cerium, zirconium, ndi zina zotero).
Njira: Ntchito yake yothandiza kwambiri imachokera ku kuyamwa ndi mphamvu yoyambitsa mpweya woipa pamwamba ndi malo a Lu³⁺ ion omwe amapezeka pa mamolekyu a reactant.

Ntchito zina zamakono:
Makampani a nyukiliya: Isotope ya Lu-176 (yochuluka mwachilengedwe pafupifupi 2.6%) ili ndi gawo lalikulu la kutentha kwa neutron ndipo imatha kusinthidwa kukhala isotope ya radioactive ya Lu-177 (yogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ma radiotherapy) pambuyo pa kuwunikira kwa neutron. Lu₂O₃ ndiye chinthu choyambira kuyeretsa Lu-176 kapena kukonzekera mankhwala a radiopharmaceuticals a Lu-177. Lu₂O₃ yoyera kwambiri ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pofufuza zinthu zomwe zimayamwa neutron kapena ndodo zowongolera nyukiliya.
Zipangizo zamagetsi: Monga chinthu chofufuzira cha zipangizo zamagetsi za high-κ gate (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa silicon dioxide mu tchipisi zochokera ku silicon), kapena kafukufuku wa zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi.
Zipangizo zophikira: Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zophimba zoteteza zomwe sizimatentha kwambiri, dzimbiri, kapena zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe apadera (monga injini za ndege kapena zigawo za kuwala za satellite).
Fiziki yoyesera: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotenthetsera cha Cherenkov mu zoyeserera za fiziki ya tinthu.

Chidule:

Lutetium oxide (Lu₂O₃) si chinthu wamba. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chikuthandizira ukadaulo wamakono. Mtengo wake waukulu uli mu:

Monga chida chapamwamba kwambiri cha matrix cha makristasi apamwamba a laser (monga Lu: YAG, Lu: YLF), chimalola ma laser amphamvu komanso okhazikika kwambiri.
Monga mwala wapangodya wa m'badwo wotsatira wa zipangizo zoyezera kuwala (LSO, LYSO, LuAG: Ce), imayendetsa luso la kujambula zithunzi zachipatala (PET/CT) ndi ukadaulo wozindikira kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Zimapatsa magalasi apadera owoneka bwino ndi zoumba zowonekera bwino mawonekedwe abwino (kuchuluka kwa refraction, kufalikira kochepa, kufalikira kwa kuwala kwakukulu).
Monga phosphor matrix yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri (Lu₂O₃:Eu³⁺), imapereka kuwala kofiira koyera kwambiri.
Imasonyeza luso lapadera loyambitsa kuyankha mu njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu.
Ntchito zonsezi zimadalira kuyera kwakukulu kwa Lu₂O₃ (nthawi zambiri kumafuna 4N/99.99% kapena 5N/99.999% kapena kuposerapo), chiŵerengero cholondola cha stoichiometric, ndi mawonekedwe enieni enieni (monga ufa wa ultrafine, nanoparticles). Kuzama ndi kufalikira kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake m'magawo apamwamba aukadaulo kukukulirakulirabe, makamaka m'magawo aukadaulo wa laser, kujambula zamankhwala, ndi mankhwala a nyukiliya, komwe kuli ndi malo osasinthika.