I-Cerium Hydroxide
Izakhiwo ze-Cerium Hydroxide
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS. | 12014-56-1 |
| Ifomula yamakhemikhali | I-Ce(OH)4 |
| Ukubukeka | okuqinile okuphuzi okukhanyayo |
| Amanye ama-cation | i-lanthanum hydroxide i-praseodymium hydroxide |
| Amakhemikhali ahlobene | i-cerium(III) i-hydroxide i-cerium dioxide |
Ukucaciswa kwe-High Purity cerium hydroxide
Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana (D50) Njengemfuneko
| Ubumsulwa(（CeO2） | 99.98% |
| I-TREO (i-Total Rare Earth Oxides) | 70.53% |
| Okuqukethwe kokungcola kwe-RE | i-ppm | Ukungcola Okungeyona i-REE | i-ppm |
| I-La2O3 | 80 | Fe | 10 |
| I-Pr6O11 | 50 | Ca | 22 |
| Nd2O3 | 10 | Zn | 5 |
| I-Sm2O3 | 10 | Cl⁻ | 29 |
| I-Eu2O3 | Nd | I-S/TREO | 3000.00% |
| I-Gd2O3 | Nd | I-NTU | 14.60% |
| I-Tb4O7 | Nd | I-Ce⁴⁺/∑Ce | 99.50% |
| I-Dy2O3 | Nd | ||
| I-Ho2O3 | Nd | ||
| I-Er2O3 | Nd | ||
| I-Tm2O3 | Nd | ||
| Yb2O3 | Nd | ||
| I-Lu2O3 | Nd | ||
| Y2O3 | 10 | ||
| 【Ukupakisha】25KG/isikhwama Izidingo: ayingeni umswakama, ayinathuli, yomile, ifaka umoya futhi ihlanzekile. | |||
I-Cerium Hydroxide isetshenziselwani?
Njengochwepheshe ocwaningweni lwe-metal compound, ngizohlanganisa izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-cerium hydroxide (Ce(OH)₄) ukuze ngichaze ngokuhlelekile ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubalulekile emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu neyezimboni, futhi ngihlaziye ngokujulile indlela esebenza ngayo:
1. Ukuhluzwa kwe-petroleum: Isithasiselo se-catalyst core se-Fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC)
Indima eyinhloko: Njengomguquli wemisebenzi eminingi wezihlungi zama-molecule (njenge-Y-type zeolite) kuma-catalysts e-FCC.
Indlela yokusebenza:
Isiqinisi sokushisa: I-Ce(OH)₄ iguqulwa ibe yi-CeO₂ ngokuyithosa, futhi iqinisa i-aluminium yohlaka lwe-zeolite ngokusebenzisa "umphumela we-oxygen vacancy buffer", okuvimbela ukuwa kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kwezimo zokuvuselelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (>700℃).
I-Metal passivator: Ibamba izinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-Ni kanye ne-V ku-oyili ongahluziwe (okwakha i-CeNiO₃/CeV₂O₇), ivimbela ukusabela kwayo kwe-catalytic dehydrogenation, futhi inciphisa isivuno se-coke/hydrogen.
I-ejenti yokudlulisa i-sulfur: Umjikelezo we-Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox ukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-SOₓ ibe yi-sulfate evuselelekayo, kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-sulfur gas flue (SOₓ → Ce₂(SO₄)₃).
Inani lezimboni: Khulisa impilo ye-catalyst ngo-15-30%, khulisa ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli one-octane ephezulu, futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuvuselela kabusha.
2. Ukuhlanzwa komoya ophuma emotweni: ingxenye ebalulekile ye-catalyst enezindlela ezintathu (TWC)
Umsebenzi oyinhloko: Isixazululo esiqinile se-Nano CeO₂-ZrO₂ (CZO) esikhiqizwa ukubola kokushisa yizinto zokugcina umoya-mpilo (OSC) ze-TWC.
Indlela yesenzo:
Ukuvimba i-oxygen okunamandla: I-Ce⁴⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇌ I-Ce³⁺ + ½O₂, ikhulula/imunce i-oxygen ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenamafutha amaningi/ezinothile, futhi yandisa ifasitela lesilinganiso somoya-kaphethiloli (λ≈1).
Isithwali sokusabalala kwensimbi eyigugu: Indawo ephezulu yobuso ethize i-CeO₂ ithuthukisa ukusabalala kwe-Pt/Pd/Rh futhi ithuthukisa ukushiswa kwe-CO/HC kanye nomsebenzi wokunciphisa i-NOₓ.
Ukuqina kokushisa okuthuthukisiwe: I-Zr⁴⁺ doping ivimbela i-CeO₂ sintering (>1000℃) futhi igcina impilo ye-OSC.
Izinkomba zokusebenza: I-CZO imele u-20-30% we-TWC yesimanje, ifinyelela izinga lokuguqulwa kokungcola okungaphezulu kuka-99%.
3. Ukupholisha okubonakalayo okunembile: isandulela sempuphu yokupholisha ephezulu
Inqubo eyinhloko: I-Ce(OH)₄ ifakwa i-calcium futhi ilinganiswe ukuze kulungiselelwe i-CeO₂ polishing powder esebenza kakhulu.
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukupholisha okuhambisanayo kwamakhemikhali nomshini: I-CeO₂ isabela ne-SiO₂ ebusweni bengilazi ukuze yakhe izibopho ze-Ce-O-Si ezisuswa kalula, okunciphisa umonakalo womshini.
Ukusikwa kwe-nanoscale: Izinhlayiya ze-CeO₂ eziyikristalu/eziyindilinga (usayizi wezinhlayiya 50-500nm) zithola ubulukhuni bomphezulu obungaphansi kwe-angstrom (Ra<0.5nm).
Izindawo zokufaka isicelo:
Ama-semiconductor: Ama-wafer e-Silicon, i-sapphire substrate, i-CMP polishing
Amaphaneli okubonisa: Izisekelo zengilazi ze-LCD/OLED, isembozo esivikelayo
Amadivayisi okubona: Amalensi ekhamera, amalensi omshini we-photolithography
4. Ingilazi ekhethekile kanye ne-enamel: izithasiselo zokuguqulwa ezisebenzayo
Imisebenzi eyinhloko:
I-ejenti yokusika i-UV: I-Ce⁴⁺ imunca kakhulu esifundeni se-ultraviolet (200-350nm) ukuze ivikele okuqukethwe (ingilazi yemithi, ukupakishwa kobuciko).
I-ejenti/umbala wombala: Isebenza ne-TiO₂ ukukhiqiza umphumela wobisi (i-enamel); ilawula isilinganiso se-Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ukulungisa ithoni ephuzi (Ce³⁺: ukumuncwa kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; Ce⁴⁺: ukumuncwa kokukhanya okuphuzi).
Ingilazi engamelani nemisebe: I-Ce³⁺ ibamba ama-electron-hole pair akhiqizwa yi-X-ray futhi ivimbele ukushintsha kombala kwengilazi (ifasitela lokubuka isitshalo samandla enuzi).
Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe: Ithatha indawo yesicacisi se-As₂O₃ sendabuko futhi ihambisana nemithethonqubo yezemvelo.
5. I-catalysis yezimboni: Isithuthukisi sokukhiqiza i-styrene
Inqubo yokufaka isicelo: Ukukhishwa kwe-ethylbenzene ukuze kukhiqizwe i-styrene (uhlelo lwe-catalyst lwe-Fe₂O₃-K₂O-Cr₂O₃).
Indlela yokusebenza:
Isithiyo sokufuduka kwe-Potassium: I-CeO₂ ilungisa ama-ion e-K⁺ ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (600°C).
Umgqugquzeli we-Redox: Umjikelezo we-Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ usheshisa ukuvuselelwa kwe-catalyst futhi uvimbele ukufakwa kwekhabhoni (C + 4Ce⁴⁺ → CO₂ + 4Ce³⁺).
Isiqinisi sesakhiwo: Sithuthukisa ukubekezelela ushintsho lwesigaba se-Fe₂O₃ futhi sandisa impilo ye-catalyst izikhathi ezingu-2-3.
Izinzuzo zezomnotho: Kuthuthukisa ukukhetha kwe-styrene kube ngu-92-95% futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komusi ngo-30%.
6. Ukuvikelwa kokugqwala kwensimbi: Isithibi sokugqwala esihlakaniphile
Indlela entsha:
Ukwakheka kwefilimu eziziphilisayo: I-Ce³⁺ i-oxidized ibe yi-Ce(OH)₃/CeO₂ deposition film (ubukhulu obungu-50-200nm) endaweni ye-cathode ukuvimba ukusabalala komoya-mpilo.
Ukulawulwa kwe-pH yendawo: Ukukhishwa kwe-OH⁻ kunciphisa imikhiqizo yokugqwala ene-asidi (njenge-Fe²⁺ → FeOOH).
Ukudlula kwe-Anodic: Kukhiqiza ungqimba lokudlula kwe-Ce-oxide/hydroxide ebusweni be-alloy ye-Al/Zn/Mg.
Izimo zokusetshenziswa: I-alloy ye-aluminiyam yezindiza (AA2024), insimbi yokwakha imikhumbi, izithasiselo zokumboza ishidi lezimoto ezihlanganisiwe.
7. Ukulungiswa kwemvelo: I-ejenti yokwelapha amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu
Isicelo esinezici eziningi:
I-ejenti yokususa i-phosphorus: I-Ce³⁺ kanye ne-PO₄³⁻ zakha i-CePO₄ enganyibiliki (Ksp=10⁻²³), ukususwa kwe-phosphorus ejulile kube yi-<0.1mg/L.
I-ejenti yokususa i-fluorine: Ikhiqiza i-CeF₃ colloid (Ksp=10¹⁶), enekhono lokumunca elingu-80mg F⁻/g.
Ukuqina kwe-nuclide ekhipha imisebe: Inekhono eliqinile lokuhlanganisa i-UO₂²⁺, TcO₄⁻, njll. (Kd>10⁴ mL/g).
Izinzuzo Eziluhlaza: Akukho mikhiqizo enobuthi, futhi inani lodaka liyi-1/3 kuphela yosawoti we-aluminium/usawoti wensimbi.
8. Isandulela sokwenziwa kosawoti we-cerium esisezingeni eliphezulu
Imikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu okuvela kuyo:
| Uhlobo lukasawoti lwe-Cerium | Indlela yokwenziwa | Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza |
| I-Cerium ammonium nitrate | I-Ce(OH)₄ + HNO₃ + NH₄NO₃ | I-reagent yokuhlaziya i-oxidation titration |
| I-Cerium sulfate | Ukushiswa kwe-electrolytic kwe-Ce₂(SO₄)₃ | I-organic synthesis oxidant |
| I-Cerium acetate | Ukuqedwa kwe-Acetic acid | I-mordant yendwangu |
| I-Nanocerium oxide | Ukubola kokushisa okulawulwayo | I-Catalyst, i-ultraviolet absorber |
Ingqikithi yesenzo: Umsebenzi we-Redox kanye nekhono lokuxhumanisa le-cerium
Inani eliyinhloko le-cerium hydroxide livela ekucushweni okukhethekile kwe-elekthronikhi kwe-cerium ([Xe]4f¹5d⁰6s⁰):
- Izici ze-Valence: I-Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ amandla e-redox (E⁰=+1.74V) iyenza ibe "i-electron shuttle".
- Amandla okwakheka kwezikhala ze-oxygen ephansi: Amandla okwakheka kwezikhala ze-oxygen ku-CeO₂ (~2eV) aphansi kakhulu kunalawo aku-Al₂O₃ (~6eV), okunikeza ikhono lokufuduka kwe-oxygen eliguquguqukayo.
- I-asidi enamandla ye-Lewis: I-Ce⁴⁺ ine-charge density ephezulu (i-ion potential Z/r=10.3) futhi kulula ukuyimunca i-anion (PO₄³⁻/F⁻).
> Umkhuba wobuchwepheshe: Indawo ephezulu yobuso eqondile i-Ce(OH)₄ (>200m²/g), i-doping yezinga le-athomu (La/Sm/Gd), kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo segobolondo eliyinhloko kuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esisha se-catalysis yemvelo kanye nezinto zamandla.
