I-Cerium Hydroxide
Iipropati zeCerium Hydroxide
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS. | 12014-56-1 |
| Ifomula yekhemikhali | I-Ce(OH)4 |
| Inkangeleko | i-solid etyheli eqaqambileyo |
| Ezinye ii-cations | i-lanthanum hydroxide i-praseodymium hydroxide |
| Iikhompawundi ezinxulumene noko | i-cerium(III) i-hydroxide i-cerium dioxide |
Inkcazelo ye-High Purity cerium hydroxide
Ubungakanani beParticle (D50) Njengemfuneko
| Ubunyulu (（CeO2） | 99.98% |
| I-TREO (ii-Oxides zoMhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zizonke) | 70.53% |
| Ukungcola kwe-RE Okuqulathwe | i-ppm | Ukungcola okungengo-REEs | i-ppm |
| I-La2O3 | 80 | Fe | 10 |
| I-Pr6O11 | 50 | Ca | 22 |
| Nd2O3 | 10 | Zn | 5 |
| I-Sm2O3 | 10 | Cl⁻ | 29 |
| I-Eu2O3 | Nd | I-S/TREO | 3000.00% |
| I-Gd2O3 | Nd | I-NTU | 14.60% |
| I-Tb4O7 | Nd | Ce⁴⁺/∑Ce | 99.50% |
| I-Dy2O3 | Nd | ||
| I-Ho2O3 | Nd | ||
| I-Er2O3 | Nd | ||
| I-Tm2O3 | Nd | ||
| Yb2O3 | Nd | ||
| Lu2O3 | Nd | ||
| Y2O3 | 10 | ||
| 【Ukupakisha】25KG/ingxowa Iimfuneko: ayifumi, ayinathuli, yomile, ingenisa umoya kwaye icocekile. | |||
Isetyenziselwa ntoni iCerium Hydroxide?
Njengengcali kuphando lwe-metal compound, ndiza kudibanisa iipropati zeekhemikhali ze-cerium hydroxide (Ce(OH)₄) ukuze ndichaze ngokucwangcisiweyo ukusetyenziswa kwayo okubalulekileyo kumacandelo obuchwepheshe obuphezulu kunye nemizi-mveliso, kwaye ndihlalutye nzulu indlela esebenza ngayo:
1. Ukucoca ipetroliyam: I-Fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst core additive
Indima ephambili: Njengomguquli wemisebenzi emininzi weesivi zemolekyuli (ezifana ne-Y-type zeolite) kwii-catalysts ze-FCC.
Indlela yokusebenza:
Isiqinisi sobushushu: I-Ce(OH)₄ iguqulwa ibe yi-CeO₂ ngokuyirosta, kwaye iqinisa i-aluminium yesakhelo se-zeolite ngokusebenzisa "i-oxygen vacancy buffer effect", ithintela ukuwa kwesakhiwo phantsi kweemeko zokuvuselelwa kobushushu obuphezulu (>700℃).
I-Metal passivator: Ibamba iintsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-Ni kunye ne-V kwi-oyile ekrwada (eyenza i-CeNiO₃/CeV₂O₇), ithintela i-catalytic dehydrogenation reaction yayo, kwaye inciphisa i-coke/hydrogen yield.
Iarhente yokudlulisa i-sulphur: Umjikelo we-Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox ukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-SOₓ ibe yi-sulfate evuselelekayo, kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-sulphur yigesi yeflue (SOₓ → Ce₂(SO₄)₃).
Ixabiso lemizi-mveliso: Ukwandisa ubomi be-catalyst nge-15-30%, ukwandisa imveliso yepetroli ene-octane eninzi, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuvuselela.
2. Ukucocwa komoya ophuma kwiimoto: icandelo eliphambili le-catalyst eneendlela ezintathu (TWC)
Umsebenzi oyintloko: Isisombululo esiqinileyo seNano CeO₂-ZrO₂ (CZO) esiveliswa kukubola kobushushu sisixhobo sokugcina ioksijini (OSC) seTWC.
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukuthintela ioksijini ngendlela eguquguqukayo: Ce⁴⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇌ Ce³⁺ + ½O₂, ikhupha/ifunxe ioksijini ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweemeko ezibuthathaka/ezityebileyo, kwaye yandisa ifestile yomlinganiselo womoya-fuel (λ≈1).
Umthwali wokusasazwa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo: Indawo ephezulu yomphezulu ethile i-CeO₂ iphucula ukusasazeka kwe-Pt/Pd/Rh kwaye iphucula ukuxinana kwe-CO/HC kunye nomsebenzi wokunciphisa i-NOₓ.
Uzinzo oluphuculweyo lobushushu: I-Zr⁴⁺ doping ithintela i-CeO₂ sintering (>1000℃) kwaye igcina ubomi be-OSC.
Izalathisi zokusebenza: I-CZO ibandakanya i-20-30% ye-TWC yanamhlanje, ifikelela kwizinga lokuguqulwa kongcoliseko olungaphezulu kwe-99%.
3. Ukupholisha okubonakalayo ngokuchanekileyo: i-powder yokupholisha ephezulu kakhulu
Inkqubo engundoqo: I-Ce(OH)₄ ixutywa kwaye ilinganiswe ukuze kulungiselelwe umgubo wokupholisha we-CeO₂ osebenza kakhulu.
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukupholisha okuhambelanayo kweekhemikhali kunye noomatshini: I-CeO₂ isabela kunye ne-SiO₂ kumphezulu weglasi ukuze yenze iibhondi ze-Ce-O-Si ezisuswayo ngokulula, nto leyo enciphisa umonakalo woomatshini.
Ukusika i-nanoscale: Iisuntswana ze-CeO₂ ezi-single crystal/spherical (ubungakanani beesuntswana 50-500nm) zifezekisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu we-sub-angstrom (Ra<0.5nm).
Iindawo zokusetyenziswa:
Ii-semiconductors: Ii-silicon wafers, i-sapphire substrate, i-CMP polishing
Iiphaneli zokubonisa: ii-substrates zeglasi ze-LCD/OLED, isigqubuthelo sokukhusela
Izixhobo ezibonakalayo: Iilensi zekhamera, iilensi zomatshini we-photolithography
4. Iglasi ekhethekileyo kunye ne-enamel: izongezo zokuguqula ezisebenzayo
Imisebenzi ephambili:
Iarhente yokusika i-UV: I-Ce⁴⁺ ifunxa ngamandla kwindawo ye-ultraviolet (200-350nm) ukukhusela umxholo (iglasi yamayeza, ukupakishwa kobugcisa).
Isixhobo sokufaka umbala/isinxibi: Sisebenza neTiO₂ ukuvelisa isiphumo sobisi (i-enamel); silawula umlinganiselo weCe³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ukulungisa ithoni etyheli (Ce³⁺: ukufunxwa kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; Ce⁴⁺: ukufunxwa kokukhanya okutyheli).
Iglasi enganyangekiyo yimitha: I-Ce³⁺ ibamba ii-electron-hole pairs eziveliswa yi-X-rays kwaye ithintela ukutshintsha kombala weglasi (ifestile yokujonga isikhululo samandla enyukliya).
Iingenelo zobugcisa: Ithatha indawo ye-As₂O₃ clarifier yendabuko kwaye ithobela imigaqo yokusingqongileyo.
5. I-catalysis yemizi-mveliso: Isiphuculi semveliso ye-styrene
Inkqubo yokufaka: Ukususwa kwe-ethylbenzene ukuze kuveliswe i-styrene (inkqubo ye-catalyst ye-Fe₂O₃-K₂O-Cr₂O₃).
Indlela yokusebenza:
I-Potassium migration inhibitor: I-CeO₂ ilungisa ii-K⁺ ions ukuthintela ukulahleka kwezinto ezisebenzayo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (600°C).
Umkhuthazi weRedox: Umjikelo weCe³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ukhawulezisa ukuvuselelwa kwe-catalyst kwaye uthintele ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni (C + 4Ce⁴⁺ → CO₂ + 4Ce³⁺).
Isiqinisi solwakhiwo: Siphucula ukunyamezela utshintsho lwesigaba se-Fe₂O₃ kwaye sandisa ubomi be-catalyst ngamaxesha ama-2-3.
Iingenelo zoqoqosho: Iphucula ukukhetha kwe-styrene ukuya kwi-92-95% kwaye inciphisa ukusetyenziswa komphunga nge-30%.
6. Ukhuseleko lokugqwala kwesinyithi: I-Intelligent corrosion inhibitor
Indlela entsha:
Ukwakheka kwefilimu eziziphilisayo: I-Ce³⁺ i-oxidized ibe yi-Ce(OH)₃/CeO₂ deposition film (ubukhulu obuyi-50-200nm) kwindawo ye-cathode ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-oxygen.
Ulawulo lwe-pH yendawo: I-OH⁻ ikhupha iimveliso zokubola kwe-asidi (ezifana ne-Fe²⁺ → FeOOH).
I-Anodic passivation: Ivelisa umaleko we-Ce-oxide/hydroxide passivation kumphezulu we-alloy ye-Al/Zn/Mg.
Iimeko zokusetyenziswa: I-alloy ye-aluminiyam yeenqwelomoya (AA2024), intsimbi yokwakha iinqanawa, izongezo zokugquma ishiti zemoto ezigqunyiweyo.
7. Ukulungiswa kokusingqongileyo: Iarhente yonyango lwamanzi esebenza kakuhle kakhulu
Isicelo esinemisebenzi emininzi:
Isixhobo sokususa i-phosphorus: I-Ce³⁺ kunye ne-PO₄³⁻ zenza i-CePO₄ enganyibilikiyo (Ksp=10⁻²³), ukususwa kwe-phosphorus enzulu ukuya kwi-<0.1mg/L.
Isixhobo sokususa i-fluorine: Sivelisa i-CeF₃ colloid (Ksp=10¹⁶), enomthamo wokufunxa we-80mg F⁻/g.
Ukufakwa kwe-nuclide enemisebe: Inamandla okulungelelanisa i-UO₂²⁺, TcO₄⁻, njl. (Kd>10⁴ mL/g).
Iingenelo eziluhlaza: Akukho mveliso zinobungozi, kwaye ubungakanani bodaka yi-1/3 yetyuwa ye-aluminiyam/ityuwa yesinyithi kuphela.
8. Isandulela sokwenziwa kwetyuwa ye-cerium ephezulu
Iimveliso ezicocekileyo kakhulu ezivela kwimveliso:
| Uhlobo lwetyuwa yeCerium | Indlela yokwenziwa kwezinto | Intsimi yesicelo |
| I-Cerium ammonium nitrate | I-Ce(OH)₄ + HNO₃ + NH₄NO₃ | I-reagent yohlalutyo lwe-oxidation titration |
| I-Cerium sulfate | I-electrolytic oxidation ye-Ce₂(SO₄)₃ | I-oxidant yokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo |
| I-acetate yeCerium | Ukuchithwa kwe-acetic acid | I-mordant yelaphu |
| I-Nanocerium oxide | Ukubola kobushushu okulawulwayo | I-Catalyst, i-ultraviolet absorber |
Intsingiselo yesenzo: Umsebenzi we-Redox kunye nokukwazi ukulungelelanisa i-cerium
Ixabiso eliphambili le-cerium hydroxide livela kwisimo se-elektroniki esikhethekileyo se-cerium ([Xe]4f¹5d⁰6s⁰):
- Iimpawu zeValence: I-Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ i-redox potential (E⁰=+1.74V) iyenza ibe "yi-electron shuttle".
- Amandla okwakhiwa kwesithuba seoksijini ephantsi: Amandla okwakhiwa kwesithuba seoksijini kwiCeO₂ (~2eV) aphantsi kakhulu kunalawo akwiAl₂O₃ (~6eV), nto leyo enika amandla okufuduka kweoksijini enamandla.
- I-asidi enamandla yeLewis: I-Ce⁴⁺ inobunzima bokutshaja obuphezulu (i-ion potential Z/r=10.3) kwaye kulula ukuyifunxa i-anions (PO₄³⁻/F⁻).
> Ithekhinoloji: Ubungakanani obuphezulu bomphezulu obuphezulu obufana ne-Ce(OH)₄ (>200m²/g), i-atomic-level doping (La/Sm/Gd), kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo se-core-shell ziqhuba uphuhliso lwesizukulwana esitsha se-environmental catalysis kunye nezixhobo zamandla.
