Te Hauwaiwai Seriuma
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Cerium Hydroxide
| Nama CAS | 12014-56-1 |
| Tātai matū | Ce(OH)4 |
| Āhua | kōwhai kanapa totoka |
| Ētahi atu kationa | hauwai rantanamu hauwai praseodymium |
| Ngā matū e pā ana | hauwai cerium(III) hauhā cerium |
Whakatakotoranga hauwai cerium Parakore Teitei
Rahi Matūriki (D50) Hei Whakaritenga
| Te Parakore (（CeO2） | 99.98% |
| TREO (Ngā Waikura Whenua Onge Katoa) | 70.53% |
| Ngā Ihirangi o ngā Parakore RE | ppm | Ngā poke kore-REE | ppm |
| La2O3 | 80 | Fe | 10 |
| Pr6O11 | 50 | Ca | 22 |
| Nd2O3 | 10 | Zn | 5 |
| Sm2O3 | 10 | Cl⁻ | 29 |
| Eu2O3 | Nd | S/TREO | 3000.00% |
| Gd2O3 | Nd | NTU | 14.60% |
| Tb4O7 | Nd | Ce⁴⁺/∑Ce | 99.50% |
| Dy2O3 | Nd | ||
| Ho2O3 | Nd | ||
| Er2O3 | Nd | ||
| Tm2O3 | Nd | ||
| Yb2O3 | Nd | ||
| Lu2O3 | Nd | ||
| Y2O3 | 10 | ||
| 【Tākai】25KG/pēke Ngā Whakaritenga: ātete makuku, kore puehu, maroke, hauhautanga me te ma. | |||
He aha te whakamahinga o te Cerium Hydroxide?
Hei tohunga rangahau matū whakarewa, ka whakakotahi ahau i ngā āhuatanga matū o te cerium hydroxide (Ce(OH)₄) hei whakamārama pūnaha i ōna whakamahinga matua i roto i ngā mara hangarau teitei me ngā mara ahumahi, me te tātari hohonu i tōna tikanga mahi:
1. Te whakamahine hinu: Te tāpiri matua o te whakapūngao pakaru wai (FCC)
Tūranga matua: Hei whakarerekētanga maha-mahi o ngā tātari ngota (pērā i te zeolite momo-Y) i roto i ngā whakakorikori FCC.
Tikanga mahi:
Pūmau wera: Ka hurihia te Ce(OH)₄ hei CeO₂ mā te tunu, ā, ka mau te anga zeolite i te konumohe mā te "pānga ārai korenga hāora", ka ārai i te hinganga hanganga i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakaora pāmahana teitei (>700℃).
Pūwhakawhitinga konganuku: Ka hopu i ngā konganuku taumaha pēnei i te Ni me te V i roto i te hinu mata (ka hanga i te CeNiO₃/CeV₂O₇), ka ārai i tana tauhohenga tango hauwai whakakorikori, ā, ka whakaiti i te hua kōke/hauwai.
Kaihoko whakawhiti whanariki: Ka whakatairangahia e te huringa redox Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ te hurihanga o te SOₓ ki te whanariki whakahou, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga whanariki hau paru (SOₓ → Ce₂(SO₄)₃).
Uara ahumahi: Whakanuia te roa o te ora o te whakakorikori mā te 15-30%, whakanuia te hanga penehīni octane-nui, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao whakaora.
2. Te purenga o te hauātanga o te motuka: te wāhanga matua o te whakakorikori ara-toru (TWC)
Mahi matua: Ko te wai totoka Nano CeO₂-ZrO₂ (CZO) i hangaia e te pirau wera te rauemi rokiroki hāora (OSC) o te TWC.
Tikanga mahi:
Te ārai hāora hihiri: Ce⁴⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇌ Ce³⁺ + ½O₂, ka tukuna/mimitia wawetia te hāora i raro i ngā āhuatanga hiroki/momona, ā, ka whānui ake i te matapihi ōwehenga hau-wahie (λ≈1).
Kaikawe marara konganuku utu nui: Ka whakapai ake te CeO₂ i te marara Pt/Pd/Rh, ā, ka whakarei ake i te waikura CO/HC me te mahi whakaiti NOₓ.
Te pumau wera kua whakarei ake: Mā te tāpiritanga Zr⁴⁺ ka ārai i te sintering CeO₂ (>1000℃) ā, ka mau tonu te roa o te OSC.
Ngā tohu mahi: Ko te CZO te 20-30% o te TWC o ēnei rā, ā, e eke ana ki te >99% te reiti tahuritanga parahanga.
3. Te whakakanapa whatu tino tika: te paura whakakanapa kounga teitei
Tukanga matua: Ka whakakorikoria te Ce(OH)₄, ka whakarōpūtia hei hanga i te paura whakakanapa CeO₂ tino kaha.
Tikanga mahi:
Te whakakanapa mahi tahi a te matū me te miihini: Ka tauhohe a CeO₂ ki te SiO₂ i runga i te mata karāhe hei hanga i ngā hononga Ce-O-Si e ngāwari ana te tango, ka whakaiti i te kino miihini.
Tapahi nanoscale: Mā te whakamahi i ngā matūriki CeO₂ karaihe kotahi/porowhita (rahi matūriki 50-500nm) ka tutuki te taratara o te mata sub-angstrom (Ra<0.5nm).
Ngā wāhi tono:
Ngā Kaiārahi-ā-ira: Ngā papa silicon, te papa hapaira, te whakakanapa CMP
Ngā papa whakaatu: Ngā papa karaihe LCD/OLED, te taupoki tiaki
Ngā taputapu whatu: Ngā arotahi kāmera, ngā arotahi mīhini whakaahua-ira
4. Karāhe me te enamel motuhake: ngā tāpiringa whakarerekētanga mahi
Ngā mahi matua:
Ārai tapahi UV: Ka mimiti kaha a Ce⁴⁺ i te rohe ultraviolet (200-350nm) hei tiaki i ngā mea kei roto (te karāhe rongoā, te takai toi).
Ārai atarangi/tae: Ka mahi tahi me TiO₂ hei whakaputa i te āhua miraka (enamel); ka whakahaere i te ōwehenga o Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ hei whakatika i te tae kōwhai (Ce³⁺: mimiti mārama kikorangi; Ce⁴⁺: mimiti mārama kōwhai).
Karāhe ātete-irahiko: Ka hopukina e Ce³⁺ ngā takirua irahiko-pōhatu i hangaia e ngā hihi-X, ā, ka ārai i te rerekētanga o te tae o te karāhe (matapihi tirotiro o te tipu hiko karihi).
Ngā painga hangarau: Ka whakakapi i te whakamārama As₂O₃ tuku iho, ā, e tutuki ana hoki i ngā ture taiao.
5. Whakaoho ahumahi: Whakarei ake i te hanga styrene
Te tukanga tono: Te tango i te hauwai o te ethylbenzene hei whakaputa i te styrene (pūnaha whakakorikori Fe₂O₃-K₂O-Cr₂O₃).
Tikanga mahi:
Ārai hekenga pāhare pākawa: Ka whakapūmau a CeO₂ i ngā iona K⁺ hei ārai i te ngaronga o ngā wāhanga hohe i ngā pāmahana teitei (600°C).
Kaiwhakatairanga Redox: Ka whakateretere te huringa Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ i te whakahoutanga o te whakakōkī, ā, ka ārai i te whakatakotoranga waro (C + 4Ce⁴⁺ → CO₂ + 4Ce³⁺).
Pūmau hanganga: Ka whakapai ake i te manawanui ki ngā huringa āhua o te Fe₂O₃, ka whakaroa hoki i te roa o te ora o te whakakorikori mā te 2-3 ngā wā.
Ngā painga ōhanga: Ka whakapai ake i te whiriwhiringa o te styrene ki te 92-95% me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga mamaoa mā te 30%.
6. Te ārai i te waikura whakarewa: He aukati waikura mohio
Tikanga auaha:
Te hanganga kiriata whakaora-ā-ake: Ka waikuratia a Ce³⁺ hei kiriata whakatakotoranga Ce(OH)₃/CeO₂ (matotoru 50-200nm) i roto i te rohe katote hei aukati i te horapa o te hāora.
Te whakahaere pH ā-rohe: Ka tukuna e te OH⁻ ngā hua waikura waikawa whakakorekore (pēnei i te Fe²⁺ → FeOOH).
Te whakakorenga anodic: Ka whakaputa i tētahi paparanga whakakorenga Ce-oxide/hydroxide ki runga i te mata o te koranu Al/Zn/Mg.
Ngā horopaki tono: Koranu konumohe rererangi (AA2024), maitai hanga kaipuke, tāpiringa paninga pepa piauau motuka.
7. Te whakaora taiao: He rongoā maimoatanga wai tino whai hua
Taupānga maha-mahi:
Kaihoko tango whākawa: Ka hangaia e Ce³⁺ me PO₄³⁻ te CePO₄ kore-rewa (Ksp=10⁻²³), ka tangohia te whākawa hohonu ki te <0.1mg/L.
Kaihoko tango wheowhio: Ka whakaputa i te kōroiti CeF₃ (Ksp=10¹⁶), me te kaha mimiti o te 80mg F⁻/g.
Te whakapūmau i ngā matūriki irahiko: He kaha te āheinga taunga mō te UO₂²⁺, te TcO₄⁻, me ētahi atu (Kd>10⁴ mL/g).
Ngā Painga Kakariki: Kāore he hua paitini, ā, ko te nui o te paru he 1/3 noa iho o te tote konumohe/tote rino.
8. Kaihautū hanga tote cerium kounga teitei
Ngā hua parakore teitei:
| Momo tote cerium | Ara whakahiato | Mara tono |
| Te haukinia haukinia haukinia | Ce(OH)₄ + HNO₃ + NH₄NO₃ | Pūmua tātaritanga irahiko whakahāora |
| te hāora hāriuma | Te waikura hiko o Ce₂(SO₄)₃ | Ārai matū hanga rauropi |
| Asetate cerium | Te whakarewanga o te waikawa acetic | Whakakākahu kakahu |
| Nano cerium oxide | Te pirau wera ka taea te whakahaere | Whakakorikori, mimiti hihi ultraviolet |
Te mauri o te mahi: Te ngohe redox me te kaha taunga o te cerium
Ko te uara matua o te cerium hydroxide i ahu mai i te whirihoranga hiko motuhake o te cerium ([Xe]4f¹5d⁰6s⁰):
- Ngā āhuatanga o te uara: Nā te pūmanawa redox Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ (E⁰=+1.74V) ka waiho hei "waka hiko".
- He iti te pūngao hanganga hāora kore: He iti iho te pūngao hanganga hāora kore i roto i te CeO₂ (~2eV) i tērā i roto i te Al₂O₃ (~6eV), ā, ka taea e ia te heke hāora hihiri.
- Te waikawa kaha o Lewis: He nui te kiato utu o Ce⁴⁺ (te pūmanawa katote Z/r=10.3) ā, he ngāwari ki te mimiti i ngā katote (PO₄³⁻/F⁻).
> Auahatanga hangarau: Ko te horahanga mata motuhake teitei o te Ce(OH)₄ mesoporous (>200m²/g), te tāpiringa taumata-atomika (La/Sm/Gd), me te hoahoa hanganga anga-matua kei te akiaki i te whanaketanga o tētahi whakatupuranga hou o ngā rauemi whakakorikori taiao me te pūngao.
