Cerium Hydroxide
Kayayyakin Cerium Hydroxide
| Lambar CAS. | 12014-56-1 |
| Tsarin sinadarai | Ce(OH)4 |
| Bayyanar | rawaya mai haske mai ƙarfi |
| Sauran cations | lanthanum hydroxide praseodymium hydroxide |
| Magunguna masu alaƙa | cerium(III) hydroxide cerium dioxide |
Bayani dalla-dalla game da sinadarin cerium hydroxide mai tsarki
Girman Barbashi (D50) Kamar Yadda Ake Bukata
| Tsarki((CeO2) | 99.98% |
| TREO (Jimlar Rare Earth Oxides) | 70.53% |
| Abubuwan da ke cikin Rashin tsafta na RE | ppm | Rashin tsarkin da ba na REES ba | ppm |
| La2O3 | 80 | Fe | 10 |
| Pr6O11 | 50 | Ca | 22 |
| Nd2O3 | 10 | Zn | 5 |
| Sm2O3 | 10 | Cl⁻ | 29 |
| Eu2O3 | Nd | S/TREO | 3000.00% |
| Gd2O3 | Nd | NTU | 14.60% |
| Tb4O7 | Nd | Ce⁴⁺/∑Ce | 99.50% |
| Dy2O3 | Nd | ||
| Ho2O3 | Nd | ||
| Er2O3 | Nd | ||
| Tm2O3 | Nd | ||
| Yb2O3 | Nd | ||
| Lu2O3 | Nd | ||
| Y2O3 | 10 | ||
| 【Marufi】 25KG/jaka Bukatun: mai hana danshi, ba ya ƙura, busasshe, yana sanya iska ta shiga kuma yana da tsafta. | |||
Menene amfani da Cerium Hydroxide?
A matsayina na ƙwararre a binciken sinadarai na ƙarfe, zan haɗa halayen sinadarai na cerium hydroxide (Ce(OH)₄) don bayyana mahimman aikace-aikacensa a fannoni na fasaha da masana'antu cikin tsari, da kuma yin nazari sosai kan yadda yake aiki:
1. Tace mai: Ƙarin sinadarin catalytic cracking (FCC) mai ƙara kuzari
Muhimmin aiki: A matsayin mai gyara abubuwa masu aiki da yawa na sieves na kwayoyin halitta (kamar nau'in Y-type zeolite) a cikin abubuwan haɓaka FCC.
Tsarin aiki:
Mai daidaita zafi: Ce(OH)₄ ana canza shi zuwa CeO₂ ta hanyar gasawa, kuma yana haɗa tsarin zeolite aluminum ta hanyar "tasirin iskar oxygen", yana hana rugujewar tsarin a ƙarƙashin yanayin sake farfaɗo da zafi mai yawa (>700℃).
Na'urar rage yawan sinadarin ƙarfe: Yana kama ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar Ni da V a cikin ɗanyen mai (wanda ke samar da CeNiO₃/CeV₂O₇), yana hana tasirin rage yawan sinadarin da ke cikinsa, kuma yana rage yawan sinadarin coke/hydrogen.
Maganin canza sinadarin sulfur: Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox cycle yana haɓaka canza SOₓ zuwa sulfate mai sabuntawa, yana rage fitar da sinadarin sulfur (SOₓ → Ce₂(SO₄)₃).
Darajar Masana'antu: Ƙara rayuwar mai kara kuzari da kashi 15-30%, ƙara yawan samar da man fetur mai yawan octane, da kuma rage yawan amfani da makamashin sake farfaɗowa.
2. Tsaftace shaye-shaye na mota: babban sashi na mai kara kuzari mai hanyoyi uku (TWC)
Babban aikin: Nano CeO₂-ZrO₂ maganin ƙarfi (CZO) wanda aka samar ta hanyar ruɓewar zafi shine kayan ajiyar iskar oxygen (OSC) na TWC.
Tsarin aiki:
Tsarin iskar oxygen mai ƙarfi: Ce⁴⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇌ Ce³⁺ + ½O₂, yana sakin/sha iskar oxygen cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai laushi/mai wadata, kuma yana faɗaɗa taga rabon iska da mai (λ≈1).
Mai ɗaukar ƙarfe mai daraja: Babban yanki na musamman na saman CeO₂ yana inganta watsawar Pt/Pd/Rh kuma yana haɓaka iskar shaka ta CO/HC da rage ayyukan NOₓ.
Ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafi: Yin amfani da maganin Zr⁴⁺ yana hana CeO₂ sintering (>1000℃) kuma yana kiyaye rayuwar OSC.
Alamun Aiki: CZO yana da kashi 20-30% na TWC na zamani, wanda ya kai kashi 99% na yawan gurɓatattun abubuwa.
3. Daidaitaccen gyaran gani: babban abin da ke haifar da gogewa
Tsarin aiki mai mahimmanci: Ana narkar da Ce(OH)₄ kuma an sanya shi a cikin ma'auni don shirya foda mai ƙarfi na CeO₂.
Tsarin aiki:
Ginawa da sarrafa sinadarai da injina: CeO₂ yana yin aiki da SiO₂ akan saman gilashin don samar da haɗin Ce-O-Si mai sauƙin cirewa, yana rage lalacewar injiniya.
Yanke Nanoscale: Ƙwayoyin CeO₂ guda ɗaya masu lu'ulu'u/siffa (girman ƙwayoyin cuta 50-500nm) suna samun ƙaiƙayin saman sub-angstrom (Ra<0.5nm).
Yankunan aikace-aikace:
Masu haɗa semiconductors: Wafers na silicon, sapphire substrate, CMP polishing
Allon nuni: Abubuwan gilashin LCD/OLED, murfin kariya
Na'urorin gani: Ruwan tabarau na kyamara, ruwan tabarau na injin photolithography
4. Gilashi na musamman da enamel: ƙarin kayan gyaran aiki
Muhimman ayyuka:
Wakili mai yankewa na UV: Ce⁴⁺ yana shan ruwa sosai a yankin ultraviolet (200-350nm) don kare abubuwan da ke ciki (gilashin magunguna, marufi na fasaha).
Mai canza launi/mai canza launi: Yana aiki da TiO₂ don samar da tasirin madara (enamel); yana sarrafa rabon Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ don daidaita sautin rawaya (Ce³⁺: shaƙar haske mai shuɗi; Ce⁴⁺: shaƙar haske mai rawaya).
Gilashin da ke jure wa radiation: Ce³⁺ yana kama nau'ikan ramukan lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar X-ray kuma yana hana canza launin gilashi (tagar lura da tashar wutar lantarki ta nukiliya).
Fa'idodin fasaha: Yana maye gurbin ma'aunin As₂O₃ na gargajiya kuma yana bin ƙa'idodin muhalli.
5. Tsarin masana'antu: Inganta samar da Styrene
Tsarin amfani: Ethylbenzene dehydrogenation don samar da styrene (Fe₂O₃-K₂O-Cr₂O₃ tsarin kara kuzari).
Tsarin aiki:
Maganin ƙaura na potassium: CeO₂ yana gyara ions na K⁺ don hana asarar abubuwan da ke aiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa (600°C).
Mai haɓaka Redox: Zagayen Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ yana hanzarta sake farfaɗo da mai haɓaka carbon kuma yana hana ajiyar carbon (C + 4Ce⁴⁺ → CO₂ + 4Ce³⁺).
Mai daidaita tsarin: Yana inganta jurewar canjin lokaci na Fe₂O₃ kuma yana tsawaita rayuwar mai kara kuzari sau 2-3.
Fa'idodin tattalin arziki: Yana inganta zaɓin styrene zuwa kashi 92-95% kuma yana rage yawan amfani da tururi da kashi 30%.
6. Kariyar tsatsa ta ƙarfe: Mai hana tsatsa mai hankali
Tsarin kirkire-kirkire:
Samar da fim mai warkar da kai: Ana haɗa Ce³⁺ zuwa fim ɗin Ce(OH)₃/CeO₂ (kauri 50-200nm) a yankin cathode don toshe yaduwar iskar oxygen.
Tsarin pH na gida: OH⁻ yana fitar da samfuran lalata acidic (kamar Fe²⁺ → FeOOH).
Rashin daidaituwar Anodic: Yana samar da layin passivation na Ce-oxide/hydroxide akan saman ƙarfe na Al/Zn/Mg.
Yanayin aikace-aikace: Aluminum alloy na jirgin sama (AA2024), ƙarfe na ginin jirgin ruwa, ƙarin kayan shafa na takardar galvanized na mota.
7. Gyaran Muhalli: Maganin tsaftace ruwa mai inganci
Aikace-aikacen ayyuka da yawa:
Maganin cire sinadarin phosphorus: Ce³⁺ da PO₄³⁻ suna samar da CePO₄ wanda ba ya narkewa (Ksp=10⁻²³), cire sinadarin phosphorus mai zurfi zuwa <0.1mg/L.
Maganin cire sinadarin fluorine: Yana samar da sinadarin CeF₃ colloid (Ksp=10¹⁶), wanda ke da karfin sha na 80mg F⁻/g.
Gyaran nuclide mai aiki da rediyo: Yana da ƙarfin daidaitawa mai ƙarfi ga UO₂²⁺, TcO₄⁻, da sauransu (Kd>10⁴ mL/g).
Amfanin Kore: Babu wani abu mai guba da zai iya haifar da guba, kuma adadin laka shine kashi 1/3 na gishirin aluminum/gishirin ƙarfe.
8. Babban abin da ke haifar da sinadarin gishirin cerium
Kayayyakin da aka samo daga ingantaccen tsarki:
| Nau'in gishirin Cerium | Hanyar haɗa abubuwa | Filin aikace-aikace |
| Cerium ammonium nitrate | Ce(OH)₄ + HNO₃ + NH₄NO₃ | Maganin nazarin oxidation titration |
| Cerium sulfate | Iskar gas ta Electrolytic ta Ce₂(SO₄)₃ | Tsarin hada sinadarai na halitta (organic chemical synthesis oxidant) |
| Cerium acetate | Narkewar sinadarin acetic acid | Yadi mai laushi |
| Nano cerium oxide | Rushewar zafi mai sarrafawa | Mai ƙara kuzari, mai ɗaukar ultraviolet |
Ma'anar aiki: Ayyukan redox da ikon daidaitawa na cerium
Babban darajar cerium hydroxide ya fito ne daga tsarin lantarki na musamman na cerium ([Xe]4f¹5d⁰6s⁰):
- Halayen Valence: Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ƙarfin redox (E⁰=+1.74V) ya sa ya zama "jigilar lantarki".
- Ƙarfin samar da iskar oxygen mara ƙarfi: Ƙarfin samar da iskar oxygen mara ƙarfi a cikin CeO₂ (~2eV) ya yi ƙasa da na Al₂O₃ (~6eV), wanda ke ba shi ikon ƙaura mai ƙarfi ta iskar oxygen.
- Ƙarfin sinadarin Lewis mai ƙarfi: Ce⁴⁺ yana da yawan caji mai yawa (ƙarfin ion Z/r=10.3) kuma yana da sauƙin sha anions (PO₄³⁻/F⁻).
> Yanayin fasaha: Babban yanki na musamman na saman da ke kewaye da shi, Ce(OH)₄ (>200m²/g), allurar rigakafi ta matakin atomic (La/Sm/Gd), da ƙirar tsarin harsashi na tsakiya suna haifar da ci gaban sabon ƙarni na abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli da kayan makamashi.
