Impuphu yeBoron
| I-Boron | |
| Ukubukeka | Omnyama-onsundu |
| Isigaba ku-STP | Okuqinile |
| Indawo yokuncibilika | 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F) |
| Indawo yokubilisa | 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F) |
| Ubuningi uma buyi-liquid (at mp) | 2.08 g/cm3 |
| Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa | 50.2 kJ/mol |
| Ukushisa kokushisa | 508 kJ/mol |
| Umthamo wokushisa we-molar | 11.087 J/(mol·K) |
Imininingwane Yebhizinisi ye-Boron Powder
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | Ingxenye Yamakhemikhali | Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana Omaphakathi | Ukubukeka | ||||||
| Impuphu yeBoron | I-Nano Boron ≥99.9% | I-Oxygen Ephelele ≤100ppm | I-Metal Ion(Fe/Zn/Al/Cu/Mg/Cr/Ni) / | I-D50 50~80nm | Impuphu emnyama | ||||
| I-Crystal Boron Powder | Ikristalu leBoron ≥99% | I-Mg≤3% | I-Fe≤0.12% | I-Al≤1% | I-Ca≤0.08% | I-Si ≤0.05% | I-Cu ≤0.001% | -300 i-mesh | Impuphu ensundu ekhanyayo kuya kompunga omnyama |
| I-Amorphous Element Boron Powder | I-Boron Engeyona Ikristalu ≥95% | I-Mg≤3% | I-Boron Encibilikayo Yamanzi ≤0.6% | Izinto Ezingancibiliki Emanzini ≤0.5% | Amanzi kanye ne-Volatile Mater ≤0.45% | Usayizi ojwayelekile yi-micron eyi-1, omunye usayizi uyatholakala ngesicelo. | Impuphu ensundu ekhanyayo kuya kompunga omnyama | ||
Iphakheji: Isikhwama se-Aluminium Foil
Ukugcinwa: Ukugcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokomisa ezivaliwe futhi kugcinwe kuhlukaniswe namanye amakhemikhali.
Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ze-Crystalline Boron?
I. Imboni Yenuzi
-Isebenza njengento yokulawula ukusabela kwe-neutron kuma-reactor enuzi ukulawula ijubane le-neutron nokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-reactor.
-Isebenzisa amandla akhethekile okumunca i-neutron e-crystalline boron ukuze inciphise noma ilungise ukugeleza kwe-neutron ngempumelelo, iqinisekise ukuphepha kwezinhlelo zamandla enuzi.
II. Izicelo ze-semiconductor
-I-P-type Dopant
Njengengxenye yeQembu III, i-crystalline boron yethula amazinga okwamukela ku-silicon futhi isebenza njenge-dopant eyinhloko yokwakha ama-semiconductor ohlobo lwe-P. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokufakelwa kwama-ion noma zokusabalalisa, ukulawulwa okunembile kokuhlushwa kwe-doping kwenza ukwakheka kwemithombo noma ama-substrate ohlobo lwe-P kumadivayisi afaka phakathi ama-diode, ama-transistors e-field-effect (ama-FET), kanye nama-transistors e-bipolar angenawo ugesi (ama-IGBT).
-Ukulungiswa kwe-P-type Monocrystalline Silicon
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-silicon e-monocrystalline ngendlela ye-Czochralski (CZ) noma i-Float Zone (FZ), amanani amancane e-boron e-crystalline e-high-purity ayengezwa ekuncibilikeni kwe-silicon e-polycrystalline e-high-purity. Kusetshenziswa umphumela wokuhlukaniswa kwe-boron ku-silicon, kutholakala amakristalu e-silicon eyodwa e-P-type ane-resistivity elawulekayo. Amakristalu anjalo asebenza njengezinto eziyisisekelo ze-substrate zamadivayisi ahlukene, amasekethe ahlanganisiwe e-analog, kanye namadivayisi we-semiconductor wamandla.
-Umthombo Wezinto Ezivela Kumakristalu Amabili E-Silicon Ane-Boron
Njengomthombo we-boron omsulwa, i-crystalline boron ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amakristalu angawodwa e-silicon anamazinga acacisiwe e-boron ngokusebenzisa i-melt co-doping. Uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo ye-boron (isb., i-borane, i-boron tribromide), i-crystalline boron inikeza ukuzinza kobumsulwa obuphezulu kanye nokufana kwe-doping, okwenza ifanelekele izidingo ze-substrate ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kumadivayisi e-semiconductor asebenza kahle njengezitholi kanye nama-chip wamandla aphezulu.
-Izidingo Zobumsulwa
Ukuqinisekisa amaphrofayili e-doping anembile kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwamadivayisi, i-crystalline boron kumele ihlangabezane nobumsulwa be-semiconductor-grade (ngokuvamile ≥99.9999%, okungukuthi, 6N noma ngaphezulu). Ukungcola kwensimbi (isb., Fe, Cu, Na) kumele kulawulwe ezingeni le-ppb, ngemikhawulo eqinile ekungcoleni kwezinto zokukhanya njengekhabhoni nomoya-mpilo. Njenge-dopants yohlobo lwe-N ehlanganisa i-phosphorus, i-antimony, ne-arsenic, i-crystalline boron kanye nendawo yayo yokuxhumana ne-silicon kumele iphathwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanzekile kakhulu.
III. Ama-Optics
-Isebenzisa izakhiwo zayo ezivelele ze-optical ezingezona eziqondile ukuze ifeze imisebenzi efaka phakathi ukushintshashintsha kokukhanya, ukushanela imvamisa, kanye nokuphindaphinda imvamisa.
-Isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamadivayisi okukhanya afana nama-modulators okukhanya, ama-combs e-frequency optical, kanye nama-laser.
-Isebenza njengendawo yokuthola inzuzo yama-laser e-infrared, equkethe ingxenye enkulu yokukhipha ugesi kanye nobubanzi obubanzi be-spectral yokuvuselela.
IV. Izinto Zokuqina Okuphezulu
-Kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwei-boron carbide (B₄C), into yobumba eqinile kakhulu enokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu, esetshenziswa kabanzi kumavesti angangenwa yizinhlamvu, amathuluzi aqinile, izinto zokuhudula, kanye nezinto zobumba ezingagugi.
-Kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kweama-graphite boron compounds (B₉), ezinesakhiwo esifana ne-graphite, ugesi ophezulu oqhubayo, kanye nokuqina kokushisa, ezifanelekela izihlanganisi zokuhambisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, izinto zokuphatha ukushisa, kanye nezinto zokungqubuzana.
V. Ezempi kanye Nezindiza
-Izinto eziqinile ze-ceramic ze-boron ceramic ezihlanzekile kakhulu
-Izithibi ze-boron ezihlanzekile kakhulu
-Ama-ejenti okushisela e-boron ahlanzekile kakhulu
-Iziqhumane ze-boron ezihlanzekile kakhulu
-Ama-rocket propellants acwengekile kakhulu ane-boron fuel/angenawo umoya-mpilo
VI. Ama-alloy kanye ne-Metallurgy
-I-alloy ye-boron-copper emsulwa kakhulu
-I-alloys ye-boron-titanium emsulwa kakhulu
-Idayimane ye-polycrystalline ene-boron emsulwa kakhulu
-Amathuluzi aqinile kakhulu okumelana nokuguguleka e-boron emsulwa kakhulu
-Amapuleti ensimbi amelana nokugqwala aqinile e-boron ahlanzekile kakhulu
-I-alloy ye-boron-nickel emsulwa kakhulu
-Ama-alloy e-boron-chromium ahlanzekile kakhulu
-I-Lithium-boron alloys (yezinto zebhethri zesizukulwane esilandelayo)
-Ama-alloy e-Boron-magnesium superconducting
VII. Ukwembozwa Komphezulu (Izinto Eziyimpuphu Ye-Nano)
-Izinto zokwakha i-powder ye-boron nano-coating ehlanzekile kakhulu zifakwa ezindaweni ze-substrate ngokufaka i-sputtering, okunikeza lezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo ezingxenyeni:
Ukumelana nokugqoka
Ukumelana nokugqwala
o Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu
Ukumelana ne-oxidation
Ukumelana nokuguga
-Ihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza eziqine kakhulu zezinjini zezindiza kanye nezinye izindawo ezinzima (isb., i-optoelectronic, izakhiwo zamagnetic).
Yiziphi izindlela ezivamile zokusebenzisa i-Amorphous Boron?
I. Amafutha kanye nama-Propellant Anamandla Aphezulu
1. Ama-Solid Rocket Propellants:Isetshenziswa njengesithasiselo esinamandla aphezulu ukwandisa izinga lokusha kanye nomfutho othize, ofanelekela imicibisholo yamaqhinga kanye nezinhlelo zokuqinisa izindiza.
2. Amafutha Anamandla Aphezulu Amarokhethi Nama-missile:Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali e-borane (isb., i-diborane, i-decaborane) njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zamafutha aqinile noma aqinile anamandla aphezulu.
II. Imboni Yenuzi
1. Izinto Zokumunca i-Neutron:Ukusebenzisa ingxenye yokubamba i-neutron ephezulu yokushisa ye-Boron-10 (¹⁰B), esetshenziswa ezindongeni zokulawula i-reactor yenuzi, izinhlelo zokuvala eziphuthumayo, kanye nezendlalelo zokuvikela i-neutron.
2. Izibali ze-Neutron:Kumbozwe ezindongeni zangaphakathi zezitholi ukuze kutholakale i-thermal neutron kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-energy spectrum.
3. Ukukhiqizwa Kwensimbi Ye-Boron:Isetshenziswa njengesithasiselo se-boron ukuze kuncibilikiswe izinsimbi ezikhethekile ze-alloy (insimbi ye-boron) zezingxenye zesakhiwo se-reactor kanye nezingxenye zokuvikela i-neutron.
III. Ubunjiniyela be-elekthronikhi kanye nogesi
1.Ama-Electrode e-Ignitor ama-Ignitrons:Ngemva kokwenziwa i-carbonization ku-2300℃, isetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha i-cathode zama-core okuthungela anomkhawulo wokuthungela ophansi kanye nokumelana okuphezulu kokuthungela.
2. Izinto Zokusetshenziswa Ezingavuthiwe Zama-Cathode Asebenza Kakhulu: Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwe-lanthanum hexaboride (LaB₆), i-cathode ye-thermionic eqinile kakhulu, ehlala isikhathi eside esetshenziswa kuma-microscope e-electron kanye namashubhu e-microwave anamandla aphezulu.
IV. Ukucubungula Ngezinsimbi Nokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo
1. Ukuncibilikisa Insimbi Ekhethekile Ye-Alloy:Ukwengezwa kwe-trace boron kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina, amandla okushisa aphezulu, kanye nokumelana nemisebe yensimbi nge-neutron.
2. Umsikeli Wegesi Wethusi Elibunjiwe:Isusa umoya-mpilo kanye nezinye izigesi ezincibilikisiwe ethusi elincibilikisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kanye nobuningi.
3. Izinto Eziqinisiwe zeBoron Fiber:Kusetshenziswa njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko zemicu ye-boron ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe zezindiza kanye nemishini yezemidlalo esebenza kahle kakhulu.
V. Ama-Catalyst kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali
1. Ama-Catalyst Okwenziwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo:Kusetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kwe-hydrogenation ekhethiwe, ukukhishwa kwe-hydrogenation, kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno nokukhetha.
2. Ama-Catalyst Emboni Ye-Ceramic:Khuthaza ukushiswa kwe-sintering okuphansi kanye nokuqina kwe-boride ceramics (isb., TiB₂, ZrB₂).
3. Ukwenziwa Kwama-Boron Compounds Ahlanzekile Kakhulu:Isetshenziswa njengomthombo we-boron ukukhiqiza i-boric acid ehlanzekile kakhulu, i-sodium borohydride, i-boron nitride, namanye amakhemikhali amahle.
4. Ukulungiswa kwe-High-Purity Boron Halides:Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa i-BBr₃ ehlanzekile kakhulu, i-BCl₃, njll., njengemithombo yokusabalalisa ye-semiconductor kanye ne-optical fiber dopants.
VI. Izinhlelo Zokuphepha Kwezimoto
-Iziqalisi ze-Airbag: Zisetshenziswa njengengxenye yezinto ezikhiqiza igesi; lapho zishayisana, zisha ngokushesha ukuze zikhiqize i-nitrogen enomfutho ophezulu futhi zifutha i-airbag.
VII. Imboni Yeziqhumane Nemishini Yokwenza I-Pyrotechnics
-Ama-Ejenti Emiphumela Ye-Pyrotechnic: Akhiqiza amalangabi aluhlaza kanye nezinhlansi ezikhanyayo uma zishiswa, zisetshenziswa eziqhumeni zomlilo, eziqhumeni zesignali, kanye naseziqhumeni ezikhanyisayo zempi.
VIII. Amasimu Ezemithi Nezebhayoloji
-Imithi Ephakathi: Isetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni imithi equkethe i-boron (isb., i-boronophenylalanine) ye-Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), noma njengemithombo ye-doping yezinto ezilwa namagciwane.
