Umgubo weBoron
| IBoron | |
| Inkangeleko | Umnyama-mdaka |
| Isigaba kwi-STP | Iqinile |
| Indawo yokunyibilika | 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F) |
| Indawo yokubila | 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F) |
| Uxinano xa lulwelo (kwi-mp) | 2.08 g/cm3 |
| Ubushushu bokudibana | 50.2 kJ/mol |
| Ubushushu bokufuma | 508 kJ/mol |
| Umthamo wobushushu be-molar | 11.087 J/(mol·K) |
Iinkcukacha zeShishini zeBoron Powder
| Igama lemveliso | Icandelo leKhemikhali | Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beParticle | Inkangeleko | ||||||
| Umgubo weBoron | I-Nano Boron ≥99.9% | Ioksijini iyonke ≤100ppm | I-Metal Ion(Fe/Zn/Al/Cu/Mg/Cr/Ni) / | I-D50 50~80nm | Umgubo omnyama | ||||
| Umgubo weCrystal Boron | Ikristale yeBoron ≥99% | I-Mg≤3% | I-Fe≤0.12% | I-Al≤1% | I-Ca≤0.08% | Si ≤0.05% | I-Cu ≤0.001% | -300 umnatha | Umgubo omdaka okhanyayo ukuya kongwevu obumnyama |
| Umgubo weBoron we-Amorphous Element | I-Boron Engeyiyo iCrystal ≥95% | I-Mg≤3% | I-Boron enyibilikayo emanzini ≤0.6% | Izinto ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini ≤0.5% | Amanzi kunye ne-Volatile Mater ≤0.45% | Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo yi-1 micron, obunye ubungakanani buyafumaneka xa ucela. | Umgubo omdaka okhanyayo ukuya kongwevu obumnyama | ||
Iphakheji: Ingxowa yeFoyile yeAluminiyam
Ukugcinwa: Ukugcinwa phantsi kweemeko zokomisa ezivaliweyo kwaye kugcinwe kude nezinye iikhemikhali.
Ziziphi iindlela ezithile zokusetyenziswa kweCrystalline Boron?
I. Ishishini leNyukliya
-Isebenza njengesixhobo sokulawula impendulo ye-neutron kwi-reactors zenyukliya ukulawula isantya se-neutron kunye nokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwe-reactor.
-Isebenzisa amandla akhethekileyo okufunxa i-neutron e-crystalline boron ukunciphisa okanye ukulungisa i-neutron flux ngempumelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweenkqubo zamandla enyukliya.
II. Usetyenziso lweSemiconductor
I-Dopant yohlobo lwe-P
Njengento yeQela lesi-III, i-crystalline boron yazisa amanqanaba okwamkela kwi-silicon kwaye isebenza njenge-dopant eyintloko yokwenza ii-semiconductors zohlobo lwe-P. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokufakelwa kwee-ion okanye zokusasazwa, ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo lwe-doping luvumela ukwakheka kwemithombo yohlobo lwe-P okanye ii-substrates kwizixhobo eziquka ii-diodes, ii-transistors ze-field-effect (ii-FET), kunye nee-transistors ze-bipolar ezifakwe i-insulated-gate (ii-IGBT).
-Ukulungiswa kwe-P-type Monocrystalline Silicon
Ngexesha lokukhula kwe-silicon e-monocrystalline ngendlela yeCzochralski (CZ) okanye iFloat Zone (FZ), inani elincinci le-boron e-crystalline e-high-purity yongezwa kwi-polycrystalline silicon melt e-high-purity. Ukusebenzisa isiphumo sokwahlulwa kwe-boron kwi-silicon, iikristale ze-silicon zohlobo lwe-P ezine-resistivity elawulekayo ziyafunyanwa. Ezi kristale zodwa zisebenza njengezixhobo ezisisiseko ze-substrate kwizixhobo ezihlukeneyo, iisekethe ezidibeneyo ze-analog, kunye nezixhobo ze-semiconductor zamandla.
-Izixhobo zomthombo weekristale zeSilicon Single ezifakwe iBoron
Njengomthombo we-boron ococekileyo, i-crystalline boron ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iikristale ze-silicon enye ezine-boron concentrations ezithile ngokusebenzisa i-melt co-doping. Xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo ye-boron (umz., i-borane, i-boron tribromide), i-crystalline boron inika uzinzo oluphezulu lokucoceka kunye nokufana kwe-doping, okwenza ifaneleke kwiimfuno ze-substrate ezenzelwe wena kwizixhobo ze-semiconductor ezisebenza kakhulu ezifana nee-detectors kunye nee-high-voltage power chips.
-Iimfuneko zoBumsulwa
Ukuqinisekisa iiprofayili ezichanekileyo zokusebenzisa i-doping kunye nemveliso ephezulu yesixhobo, i-crystalline boron kufuneka ihlangabezane nobumsulwa be-semiconductor-grade (ngesiqhelo ≥99.9999%, oko kukuthi, 6N okanye ngaphezulu). Ukungcola kwesinyithi (umz., i-Fe, i-Cu, i-Na) kufuneka kulawulwe kwinqanaba le-ppb, ngemida engqongqo kukungcola kwezinto zokukhanya ezifana ne-carbon kunye ne-oxygen. Njenge-dopants yohlobo lwe-N kuquka i-phosphorus, i-antimony, kunye ne-arsenic, i-crystalline boron kunye nendawo yayo yokunxibelelana ne-silicon kufuneka iphathwe phantsi kweemeko ezicocekileyo kakhulu.
III. I-Optics
-Isebenzisa iipropati zayo ezibalaseleyo ze-optical ezingezizo ezomgca ukuze ifezekise imisebenzi equka ukuguquguquka kokukhanya, ukutshayelwa kwamaza, kunye nokuphinda kabini kwamaza.
-Isetyenziswa ekwenzeni izixhobo zokukhanya ezifana nee-optical modulators, ii-optical frequency combs, kunye nee-laser.
-Isebenza njengesixhobo sokufumana i-gain medium kwi-infrared lasers, ine-emission cross-section enkulu kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwe-excitation spectral.
IV. Izixhobo Zokuqina Okuphezulu
-Isetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwei-boron carbide (B₄C), into eyenziwe ngeseramikhi eqinileyo kakhulu enokumelana nokuguguleka okugqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza kubushushu obuphezulu, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiivesti ezithintela iimbumbulu, izixhobo eziqinileyo, izinto zokurhawuzelela, kunye neeseramikhi ezimelana nokuguguleka.
-Isetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kweiikhompawundi ze-graphite boron (B₉), ezinesakhiwo esifana negrafiti, umbane ophezulu oqhubayo, kunye nozinzo lobushushu, ezifanelekileyo kwizihlanganisi zokuqhuba ezisebenza kakhulu, izixhobo zolawulo lobushushu, kunye nezixhobo zokungqubana.
V. Umkhosi kunye neenqwelo-moya
-Izinto ezichasene ne-ballistic ze-ceramic ze-boron ezicocekileyo kakhulu
-I-boron retardants ecocekileyo kakhulu
-Iiarhente zokuwelda ze-boron ezicocekileyo kakhulu
-Iziqhushumbisi ze-boron ezicocekileyo kakhulu
-Iipropellant zerokhethi ezicocekileyo kakhulu ezinamafutha amaninzi/ezingenaoksijini
VI. Ii-alloys kunye neMetallurgy
-Ii-alloys ze-boron-copper ezicocekileyo kakhulu
-Ii-alloys ze-boron-titanium ezicocekileyo kakhulu
-Idayimani ye-polycrystalline ene-boron ecocekileyo kakhulu
Izixhobo eziqinileyo nezinganyangekiyo ze-boron ezicocekileyo kakhulu
Iipleyiti zesinyithi ezinganyangekiyo nokugqwala ze-boron ezicocekileyo kakhulu
-Ii-alloys ze-boron-nickel ezicocekileyo kakhulu
-Ii-alloys ze-boron-chromium ezicocekileyo kakhulu
-Ii-alloys zeLithium-boron (zezixhobo zebhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo)
-Ii-alloys ze-Boron-magnesium superconducting
VII. Iingubo zomphezulu (Izinto zeNanopowder)
-Izinto zomgubo we-boron nano-coating ezicocekileyo kakhulu zifakwa kwiindawo ze-substrate ngokutshiza, nto leyo enika ezi mpawu zilandelayo kwiindawo:
Ukumelana nokunxitywa
Ukumelana nokugqwala
o Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu
Ukumelana ne-oxidation
o Ukumelana nokwaluphala
-Ihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo zeenjini zeenqwelo-moya kunye nezinye iindawo ezinzima (umz., iipropati ze-optoelectronic, iipropati zemagnethi).
Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-Amorphous Boron?
I. Amafutha kunye neePropellants ezinamandla aphezulu
1.Izixhobo zokuqhumisa iirokethi eziqinileyo:Isetyenziswa njengesongezo esinamandla aphezulu ukwandisa isantya sokutsha kunye ne-implice ethile, ifanelekile kwii-missile zobuchule kunye neenkqubo zokunyusa i-aerospace.
2. Amafutha anamandla aphezulu kwiirokethi kunye neemissile:Isetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kweekhompawundi ze-borane (umz., i-diborane, i-decaborane) njengezinto ezibalulekileyo zamafutha anamandla aphezulu okanye aqinileyo.
II. Ishishini leNyukliya
1. Izixhobo zokufunxa i-Neutron:Ukusebenzisa i-cross-section ye-Boron-10 (¹⁰B) yokubamba i-neutron ephezulu eshushu, esetyenziswa kwiintonga zokulawula i-reactor yenyukliya, kwiinkqubo zokuvala ezingxamisekileyo, kunye neengqimba zokukhusela i-neutron.
2.Iikhawuntara zeNeutron:Igqunywe kwiindonga zangaphakathi zezixhobo zokufumanisa ubushushu be-neutron kunye nohlalutyo lwe-energy spectrum.
3. Imveliso yeNsimbi yeBoron:Isetyenziswa njengesongezo seboron ukunyibilikisa iintsimbi ezikhethekileyo ze-alloy (intsimbi yeboron) kwiindawo zokwakha ze-reactor kunye neendawo zokukhusela i-neutron.
III. Ubunjineli be-Elektroniki kunye noMbane
1.I-Ignitor Electrodes yee-Ignitrons:Emva kokufakwa kwi-carbonization kwi-2300℃, isetyenziswa njengezixhobo ze-cathode kwii-cores zokutsha ezine-inflation threshold ephantsi kunye ne-ablation ephezulu.
2. Izixhobo eziluhlaza zeeCathodes eziSebenza ngokuPhezulu: Isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-lanthanum hexaboride (LaB₆), i-cathode ye-thermionic ezinzileyo kakhulu, ehlala ixesha elide esetyenziswa kwii-electron microscopes kunye neetyhubhu ze-microwave ezinamandla aphezulu.
IV. Ukwenziwa kwesinyithi kunye nokucutshungulwa kwezinto
1. Ukunyibilikisa intsimbi ye-alloy ekhethekileyo:Ukongezwa kwe-trace boron kuphucula kakhulu ukuqina, amandla obushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokurhawuzelelwa kwesinyithi yi-neutron.
2. Isixovulelo segesi sobhedu olunyibilikisiweyo:Isusa ioksijini kunye nezinye iigesi ezinyibilikisiweyo kwi-copper enyibilikisiweyo ukuze yonyuse ukuhanjiswa kwe-conductivity kunye noxinano.
3. Izixhobo eziQinisekisiweyo zeBoron Fiber:Isetyenziswa njengezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifayibha zeboron kwii-aerospace composites nakwizixhobo zemidlalo ezisebenza kakuhle.
V. IiCatalysts kunye neChemical Synthesis
1. IiCatalysts zeOrganic Synthesis:Isetyenziswa kwi-hydrogenation ekhethiweyo, i-dehydrogenation, kunye ne-reactions yokulungisa izinto ukuphucula i-income kunye nokukhetha.
2. IiCatalysts zeCandelo leCeramic:Khuthaza ukutshiswa kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokuqina kweeseramikhi zeboride (umz., TiB₂, ZrB₂).
3. Ukwenziwa kweeKhompawundi zeBoron eziPhucukileyo kakhulu:Isetyenziswa njengomthombo we-boron ukuvelisa i-boric acid ecocekileyo kakhulu, i-sodium borohydride, i-boron nitride, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezintle.
4. Ukulungiswa kwe-High-Purity Boron Halides:Isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganisa i-BBr₃, i-BCl₃, njl.njl., njengemithombo yokusasazwa kwe-semiconductor kunye ne-optical fiber dopants.
VI. Iinkqubo zoKhuseleko lweeMoto
-Ii-Airbag Initiators: Zisetyenziswa njengenxalenye yezinto ezivelisa igesi; xa zingqubana, zitsha ngokukhawuleza ukuze zivelise i-nitrogen enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye zivuthele i-airbag.
VII. Ishishini leeFireworks kunye neePyrotechnics
-Ii-Agents zePyrotechnic Effects: Ivelisa amalangatye aluhlaza kunye neentlantsi ezikhanyayo xa zitshiswa, zisetyenziswa kwimililo yomlilo, kwiimililo zesignali, nakwii-projectile ezikhanyisayo zomkhosi.
VIII. Amasebe eMithi kunye neBiological
-IiPharmaceutical Intermediates: Zisetyenziswa ekuhlanganiseni amayeza aqulethe i-boron (umz., i-boronophenylalanine) kwi-Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), okanye njengemithombo ye-doping yezinto ezilwa neentsholongwane.
