Pauka Boron
| Borona | |
| helehelena | ʻEleʻele-ʻeleʻele |
| Pae ma STP | Paʻa |
| Kiko heheʻe | 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F) |
| Kikowaena paila | 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F) |
| Ka nui o ka paʻa i ka wā wai (ma mp) | 2.08 g/cm3 |
| Ka wela o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana | 50.2 kJ/mol |
| Ka wela o ka mahu | 508 kJ/mol |
| Ka mana wela molar | 11.087 J/(mol·K) |
Nā kikoʻī ʻoihana no ka pauka Boron
| Inoa Huahana | ʻĀpana Kemika | Ka nui o ka ʻāpana awelika | helehelena | ||||||
| Pauka Boron | Nano Boron ≥99.9% | ʻOkikene holoʻokoʻa ≤100ppm | Metala Ion(Fe/Zn/Al/Cu/Mg/Cr/Ni) / | D50 50~80nm | Pauka ʻeleʻele | ||||
| Pauka Boron Crystal | ʻO ke aniani Boron ≥99% | Mg≤3% | Fe≤0.12% | Al≤1% | Ca≤0.08% | Si ≤0.05% | ʻO Cu ≤0.001% | -300 ʻupena | Pauka ʻeleʻele māmā a hina hina |
| Pauka Boron ʻElemene Amorphous | Boron ʻAʻole Crystal ≥95% | Mg≤3% | Boron Hoʻoheheʻe Wai ≤0.6% | Mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole i ka wai ≤0.5% | Wai a me ka Mater Volatile ≤0.45% | ʻO ka nui maʻamau 1 micron, loaʻa nā nui ʻē aʻe ma ke noi. | Pauka ʻeleʻele māmā a hina hina | ||
Pūʻolo: ʻEke Pepa Alumini
Mālama: Mālama ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana maloʻo paʻa a mālama ʻia i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā kemika ʻē aʻe.
He aha nā hoʻohana kikoʻī o Crystalline Boron?
I. ʻOihana Nukelea
-Hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomalu hopena neutron i loko o nā reactors nukelea e hoʻoponopono i ka wikiwiki o ka neutron a mālama i ka hana reactor paʻa.
-Hoʻohana i ka hiki ke omo neutron kūikawā o ka boron crystalline e hōʻemi a hoʻoponopono paha i ka neutron flux, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka palekana o nā ʻōnaehana ikehu nukelea.
II. Nā noi Semiconductor
-P-ʻano Dopant
Ma ke ʻano he element Group III, hoʻolauna ka boron crystalline i nā pae acceptor i loko o ka silicon a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he dopant koʻikoʻi no ka hana ʻana i nā semiconductors ʻano-P. Ma o ke kaʻina hana ion implantation a i ʻole diffusion, ʻo ka kaohi pololei ʻana o ka doping concentration e hiki ai ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā luawai ʻano-P a i ʻole nā substrates i nā mea hana e like me nā diodes, field-effect transistors (FETs), a me nā insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).
-Hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka P-type Monocrystalline Silicon
I ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka silicon monocrystalline ma o ke ʻano Czochralski (CZ) a i ʻole Float Zone (FZ), ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka boron crystalline maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka polycrystalline silicon melt maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena hoʻokaʻawale o ka boron i loko o ka silicon, loaʻa nā kristal silicon ʻano P me ka resistivity hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia. Hana kēlā mau kristal hoʻokahi ma ke ʻano he mau mea substrate kumu no nā mea hana discrete, nā kaapuni hoʻohui analog, a me nā mea hana semiconductor mana.
-Mea kumu no nā kristala hoʻokahi Silicon i hoʻohui ʻia me Boron
Ma ke ʻano he kumu boron maʻemaʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka boron crystalline e hana i nā kristal silicon hoʻokahi me nā ʻano boron i kuhikuhi ʻia ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka co-doping. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumu boron ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, borane, boron tribromide), hāʻawi ka boron crystalline i ke kūpaʻa maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano like o ka doping, e kūpono ai no nā koi substrate i hana ʻia i nā mea semiconductor hana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea ʻike a me nā ʻāpana mana voltage kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Koina Maʻemaʻe
I mea e hōʻoia ai i nā ʻikepili doping pololei a me ka hua kiʻekiʻe o ka hāmeʻa, pono ka boron crystalline e hoʻokō i ka maʻemaʻe semiconductor-grade (maʻamau ≥99.9999%, ʻo ia hoʻi, 6N a ʻoi aku paha). Pono e kāohi ʻia nā haumia metala (e laʻa, Fe, Cu, Na) ma ka pae ppb, me nā palena paʻa i nā haumia māmā-element e like me ke kalapona a me ka oxygen. E like me nā dopants ʻano N e like me ka phosphorus, antimony, a me ka arsenic, pono e lawelawe ʻia ka boron crystalline a me kona wahi e pili ana me ka silicon ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻemaʻe loa.
III. Nā ʻIke maka
-Hoʻohana i kona mau waiwai optical nonlinear koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō i nā hana e like me ka modulation māmā, ka frequency sweeping, a me ka frequency double.
-Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā mea hana optical e like me nā modulators optical, nā combs alapine optical, a me nā lasers.
-Lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea loaʻa no nā lasers infrared, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻāpana keʻa hoʻokuʻu nui a me kahi laulā spectral excitation ākea.
IV. Nā Mea Paʻakikī Kiʻekiʻe
-Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana oboron carbide (B₄C), he mea keramika paʻakikī loa me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka ʻaʻahu a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻaʻahu pale pōkā, nā mea hana paʻakikī, nā mea abrasive, a me nā keramika kūpaʻa i ka ʻaʻahu.
-Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana onā hui boron graphite (B₉), nona ke ʻano e like me ke graphite, ke alakaʻi uila kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa wela, kūpono no nā mea hoʻopaʻa alakaʻi hana kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hoʻokele wela, a me nā mea friction.
V. Koa & Lehulehu
-Nā mea pale ballistic boron seramika kiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe
-Nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe boron kiʻekiʻe
-Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe boron kiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe
-Nā mea pahū boron kiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe
-Nā mea hoʻoulu rocket momona i ka wahie boron / oxygen-lean kiʻekiʻe
VI. Nā Alloys & Metallurgy
-Nā mea hoʻohuihui boron-keleawe kiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe
-Nā mea hoʻohui boron-titanium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe
-Daimana polycrystalline i hoʻohui ʻia me ka boron maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe
-Nā mea hana paʻakikī loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā boron maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe
-Nā papa kila kū i ka palaho boron kiʻekiʻe
-Nā mea hoʻohuihui boron-nickel maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe
-Nā mea hoʻohuihui boron-chromium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe
-Nā mea hoʻohuihui Lithium-boron (no nā mea pākaukau o ka hanauna hou)
-Nā mea hoʻohuihui superconducting Boron-magnesium
VII. Nā Uhi ʻIli (Nā Mea Nanopoka)
-Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea pauka boron nano-coating kiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe ma luna o nā ʻili substrate ma o ka sputtering, e hāʻawi ana i nā waiwai aʻe i nā ʻāpana:
ke kū'ē ʻana i ke kapa komo
oKe kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho
o Ke kū'ē wela kiʻekiʻe
Ke kū'ē'ē'ana i ka'okesa
ke kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻelemakule
-Hoʻokō i nā koi hana koʻikoʻi o nā ʻenekini aerospace a me nā wahi ʻino ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, optoelectronic, nā waiwai magnetic).
He aha nā hoʻohana maʻamau o Amorphous Boron?
I. Nā Wahie Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe a me nā Propellants
1. Nā mea hoʻouluulu Rocket paʻa:Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui ikehu kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka puhi ʻana a me ka impulse kikoʻī, kūpono no nā missiles tactical a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoikaika aerospace.
2. Nā Wahie Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe no nā Rockets a me nā Missiles:Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā hui borane (e laʻa, diborane, decaborane) ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā wahie ikehu kiʻekiʻe wai a paʻa paha.
II. ʻOihana Nukelea
1. Nā Mea Hoʻopili Neutron:Ke hoʻohana nei i ka ʻāpana keʻa hopu neutron thermal kiʻekiʻe o Boron-10 (¹⁰B), i hoʻohana ʻia i nā koʻokoʻo hoʻomalu reactor nukelea, nā ʻōnaehana pani pilikia, a me nā papa pale neutron.
2. Nā helu helu Neutron:Uhi ʻia ma nā paia o loko o nā mea ʻike no ka ʻike ʻana i ka neutron thermal a me ka nānā ʻana i ka spectrum ikehu.
3. Hana Hana Kila Boron:Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui boron e hoʻoheheʻe i nā kila alloy kūikawā (kila boron) no nā ʻāpana hoʻonohonoho reactor a me nā ʻāpana pale neutron.
III. ʻEnekinia Uila a me ka Uila
1. Nā Electrodes Ignitor no nā Ignitrons:Ma hope o ke kalapona ʻana ma 2300 ℃, hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea cathode no nā ʻipu hoʻā ahi me ka paepae hoʻā ahi haʻahaʻa a me ke kū'ē ablation kiʻekiʻe.
2. Nā Mea Maka no nā Cathodes Hana KiʻekiʻeHoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka lanthanum hexaboride (LaB₆), kahi cathode thermionic paʻa loa, lōʻihi ke ola i hoʻohana ʻia i nā microscope electron a me nā ʻōmole microwave mana kiʻekiʻe.
IV. Metallurgy a me ka Hana ʻana i nā Mea
1. Hoʻoheheʻe kila kila kūikawā:Hoʻomaikaʻi nui ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka trace boron i ka paʻakikī, ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka neutron irradiation o ke kila.
2. Mea ʻeli kinoea no ke keleawe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia:Hoʻopau i ka oxygen a me nā kinoea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ke keleawe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hoʻonui i ka conductivity a me ka density.
3. Nā Mea Hoʻoikaika i ka Fiber Boron:Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea nui no nā olonā boron i nā composites aerospace a me nā lako haʻuki hana kiʻekiʻe.
V. Nā mea hoʻoulu a me ka hana kemika
1.Nā mea hoʻouluulu hana kūlohelohe:Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hydrogenation koho, dehydrogenation, a me nā hopena hoʻonohonoho hou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hua a me ke koho ʻana.
2. Nā mea hoʻouluulu ʻoihana seramika:Paipai i ka sintering haʻahaʻa wela a me ka densification o nā keramika boride (e laʻa, TiB₂, ZrB₂).
3. Hana ʻana o nā hui Boron maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe:Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu boron e hana i ka waikawa boric kiʻekiʻe, sodium borohydride, boron nitride, a me nā kemika maikaʻi ʻē aʻe.
4. Hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā Halides Boron Maʻemaʻe Kiʻekiʻe:Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka BBr₃, BCl₃, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻolaha semiconductor a me nā dopants optical fiber.
VI. Nā ʻōnaehana palekana kaʻa
-Nā mea hoʻomaka ʻeke ea: Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā mea hana kinoea; i ka wā e kuʻi ai, puhi koke ia e hana i ka naikokene kiʻekiʻe a hoʻopiha i ka ʻeke ea.
VII. ʻOihana Pā ahi a me nā Pyrotechnics
-Nā Mea Hoʻopau Pyrotechnic: Hoʻopuka i nā lapalapa ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā huna ahi ʻālohilohi i ka wā e puhi ʻia ai, hoʻohana ʻia i nā pā ahi, nā lapalapa hōʻailona, a me nā mea hoʻomālamalama koa.
VIII. Nā kahua lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea olaola
-Nā Waena Lāʻau Lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa ka boron (e like me ka boronophenylalanine) no ka Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), a i ʻole he mau kumu doping no nā mea antibacterial.
