I-Global Times 2024-08-17 06:46 Beijing
Ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kwezwe kanye nezintshisekelo kanye nokufeza izibopho zomhlaba wonke njengokungasabalalisi, ngo-Agasti 15, uMnyango Wezohwebo waseShayina kanye noHulumeni Jikelele Wezentela bakhiphe isimemezelo, banquma ukusebenzisa izilawuli zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kui-antimonykanye nezinto eziqinile kusukela ngoSepthemba 15, futhi akukho okuzothunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kwemvume. Ngokusho kwesimemezelo, izinto ezilawulwayo zifaka phakathi i-antimony ore nezinto zokusetshenziswa,i-antimony yensimbikanye nemikhiqizo,ama-antimony compounds, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene bokuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa. Izicelo zokuthumela ngaphandle izinto ezilawulwayo ezishiwo ngenhla kumele zisho umsebenzisi wokugcina kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo kokugcina. Phakathi kwazo, izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezinomthelela omkhulu ekuphepheni kwezwe zizobikwa kuMkhandlu Kahulumeni ukuze zivunyelwe yi-Ministry of Commerce ngokubambisana neminyango efanele.
Ngokusho kombiko ovela ku-China Merchants Securities, i-antimony isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni amabhethri e-lead-acid, imishini ye-photovoltaic, ama-semiconductor, ama-flame retardants, amadivayisi e-far-infrared, kanye nemikhiqizo yezempi, futhi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-MSG yezimboni". Ikakhulukazi, izinto ze-antimonide semiconductor zinamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa emasimini ezempi kanye nawabantu abavamile njengama-laser nama-sensor. Phakathi kwazo, ensimini yezempi, ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinhlamvu, imicibisholo eqondiswa yi-infrared, izikhali zenuzi, izibuko zokubona ebusuku, njll. I-antimony ayitholakali kakhulu. Izindawo zokugcina i-antimony ezitholakalayo njengamanje zingahlangabezana nokusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke iminyaka engama-24 kuphela, okungaphansi kakhulu kweminyaka engama-433 yomhlaba ongavamile kanye neminyaka engama-200 ye-lithium. Ngenxa yokushoda kwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi, kanye nezimfanelo ezithile zempi, i-United States, i-European Union, i-China, kanye namanye amazwe afake i-antimony ohlwini lwemithombo yamaminerali ehlakaniphile. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-antimony yomhlaba wonke kugxile kakhulu eShayina, eTajikistan, naseTurkey, kanti iShayina ibalwa ngamaphesenti angama-48. I-“South China Morning Post” yaseHong Kong ithe i-US International Trade Commission yake yathi i-antimony iyiminerali ebalulekile kwezomnotho kanye nokuvikeleka kwezwe. Ngokombiko ka-2024 we-United States Geological Survey, e-United States, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-antimony kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-alloy e-antimony-lead, izinhlamvu, kanye nezithiya zomlilo. Ku-antimony ore kanye nama-oxide ayo angeniswe yi-United States kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2022, ama-63% avela eShayina.
Kungenxa yezizathu ezingenhla ukuthi ukulawulwa kwe-China kokuthumela kwamanye amazwe i-antimony ngomkhuba wamazwe ngamazwe kuye kwadonsela ukunaka okukhulu kwabezindaba bakwamanye amazwe. Eminye imibiko icabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela yokulwa ethathwe yiShayina ngokumelene ne-United States namanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga ngezinjongo zezwe. I-Bloomberg News e-United States ithe i-United States icabanga ngokuzimela ukukhawulela ikhono leShayina lokuthola ama-chip okugcina ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor. Njengoba uhulumeni wase-US ekhulisa ukuvimba kwawo ama-chip ngokumelene neShayina, imikhawulo yeBeijing kumaminerali abalulekile ibhekwa njengempendulo yokuziphindiselela e-United States. Ngokusho kwe-Radio France Internationale, ukuncintisana phakathi kwamazwe aseNtshonalanga neShayina kuyaqina, futhi ukulawula ukuthunyelwa kwale nsimbi kwamanye amazwe kungabangela izinkinga ezimbonini zamazwe aseNtshonalanga.
Okhulumela uMnyango Wezohwebo waseShayina uthe ngomhlaka-15 ukuthi kuwumkhuba owamukelekayo emhlabeni wonke ukuphoqelela ukulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezintweni ezihlobene ne-antimony nezinto eziqinile. Izinqubomgomo ezifanele azihloselwe kunoma yiliphi izwe noma isifunda esithile. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuhambisana nemithethonqubo efanele kuzovunyelwa. Okhulumela ugcizelela ukuthi uhulumeni waseShayina uzimisele ukugcina ukuthula komhlaba kanye nokuzinza ezindaweni ezizungezile, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kochungechunge lwezimboni zomhlaba kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko yokuhweba okuhambisanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphikisana nanoma yiliphi izwe noma isifunda esisebenzisa izinto ezilawulwayo ezivela eShayina ukuze enze imisebenzi elimaza ubukhosi bezwe laseShayina, ukuphepha, kanye nezintshisekelo zentuthuko.
ULi Haidong, uchwepheshe wezindaba zaseMelika e-China Foreign Affairs University, uthe engxoxweni ne-Global Times ngomhlaka-16 ukuthi ngemva kokumba nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe isikhathi eside, ukuntuleka kwe-antimony kuye kwaba yinto evelele kakhulu. Ngokunikeza ilayisense yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, i-China ingavikela lo mthombo obalulekile futhi ivikele ukuphepha komnotho kazwelonke, ngenkathi iqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuzinza kochungechunge lwemboni ye-antimony yomhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-antimony ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izikhali, i-China igxile kakhulu kubasebenzisi bokugcina kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-antimony ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ezimpini zempi, okuwukubonakaliswa kokugcwalisa kwe-China izibopho zayo zomhlaba wonke zokungasabalalisi. Ukulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-antimony nokucacisa indawo yayo yokugcina kanye nokusetshenziswa kuzosiza ukuvikela ubukhosi bezwe lase-China, ukuphepha, kanye nezintshisekelo zentuthuko.