I-Global Times 2024-08-17 06:46 eBeijing
Ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nomdla walo kunye nokuzalisekisa iimbopheleleko zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana nokungasasazwa kwemveliso, nge-15 ka-Agasti, uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo waseTshayina kunye noLawulo oluPhezulu lweMithetho bakhuphe isibhengezo, begqiba ekubeni basebenzise ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwemveliso kwii-antimonykunye nezinto eziqinileyo ukususela nge-15 kaSeptemba, kwaye akukho kuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuya kuvunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kwemvume. Ngokwesi sibhengezo, izinto ezilawulwayo ziquka i-antimony ore kunye nezinto eziluhlaza,i-antimony yesinyithikunye neemveliso,iikhompawundi ze-antimony, kunye neeteknoloji zokunyibilikisa nokwahlulahlula ezinxulumene noko. Izicelo zokuthumela ngaphandle izinto ezilawulwayo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla kufuneka zichaze umsebenzisi wokugqibela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Phakathi kwazo, izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezinempembelelo enkulu kukhuseleko lwesizwe ziya kuxelwa kwiBhunga likaRhulumente ukuze zivunywe yiSebe lezoRhwebo ngokubambisana namasebe afanelekileyo.
Ngokwengxelo evela kwi-China Merchants Securities, i-antimony isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iibhetri ze-lead-acid, izixhobo ze-photovoltaic, ii-semiconductors, ii-flame retardants, izixhobo ze-infrared ezikude, kunye neemveliso zomkhosi, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-"industrial MSG". Ngokukodwa, izixhobo ze-antimonide semiconductor zinamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwimimandla yomkhosi kunye neyoluntu njengee-laser kunye nee-sensors. Phakathi kwazo, kwicandelo lomkhosi, ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimbumbulu, imijukujelwa ekhokelwa yi-infrared, izixhobo zenyukliya, izibuko zokubona ebusuku, njl. I-antimony inqabile kakhulu. Iindawo zokugcina i-antimony ezifunyenweyo ngoku zinokufikelela kuphela ekusetyenzisweni kwehlabathi iminyaka engama-24, ngaphantsi kakhulu kweminyaka engama-433 yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye neminyaka engama-200 ye-lithium. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi, kunye neempawu ezithile zomkhosi, i-United States, i-European Union, i-China, kunye namanye amazwe adwelise i-antimony njengomthombo wezimbiwa obalulekileyo. Idatha ibonisa ukuba imveliso ye-antimony yehlabathi igxile kakhulu eTshayina, eTajikistan, naseTurkey, apho iTshayina ibiza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-48%. I-“South China Morning Post” yaseHong Kong ithe i-US International Trade Commission yakha yathi i-antimony sisimbiwa esibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho nolwesizwe. Ngokwengxelo ka-2024 ye-United States Geological Survey, e-United States, ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-antimony kuquka ukuveliswa kwee-alloys ze-antimony-lead, iimbumbulu, kunye nezithinteli zomlilo. Kwi-antimony ore kunye nee-oxides zayo ezingeniswe yi-United States ukususela ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2022, ama-63% avela eTshayina.
Kungenxa yezi zizathu zingasentla ukuba ulawulo lweTshayina lokuthumela ngaphandle i-antimony luqhutywe ngamazwe ngamazwe luye lwatsala ingqalelo enkulu kwiindaba zangaphandle. Ezinye iingxelo ziqikelela ukuba le yindlela yokulwa ethathwe yiTshayina nxamnye ne-United States kunye namanye amazwe aseNtshona ngeenjongo zezopolitiko. I-Bloomberg News e-United States ithe i-United States icinga ngokuthintela ngamandla amandla e-China okufumana iitships zokugcina ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nezixhobo zokwenza i-semiconductor. Njengoko urhulumente wase-US eqinisa ukuvalwa kwetships nxamnye ne-China, imiqathango ye-Beijing kwimigodi ephambili ibonwa njengempendulo ye-tit-for-tat kwi-United States. Ngokutsho kwe-Radio France Internationale, ukhuphiswano phakathi kwamazwe aseNtshona ne-China luya luqina, kwaye ukulawula ukuthunyelwa kwesi sinyithi kunokubangela iingxaki kumashishini amazwe aseNtshona.
Isithethi seSebe lezoRhwebo laseTshayina sithe ngomhla we-15 ukuba yindlela eyamkelekileyo kwihlabathi liphela ukunyanzelisa ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle izinto ezinxulumene ne-antimony kunye nezinto eziqinileyo. Imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo ayijoliswanga kulo naliphi na ilizwe okanye ummandla othile. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuthobela imigaqo efanelekileyo kuya kuvunyelwa. Isithethi sigxininise ukuba urhulumente waseTshayina uzimisele ukugcina uxolo lwehlabathi kunye nozinzo kwiindawo ezingqongileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweshishini lehlabathi kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lorhwebo oluhambelanayo. Kwangaxeshanye, iyachasa naliphi na ilizwe okanye ummandla osebenzisa izinto ezilawulwayo ezivela eTshayina ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi eyonakalisa ubukhosi besizwe saseTshayina, ukhuseleko, kunye nomdla wophuhliso.
ULi Haidong, ingcali kwimiba yaseMelika kwiYunivesithi yezeMicimbi yezeNgaphandle yaseTshayina, uthe kudliwanondlebe neGlobal Times ngomhla we-16 ukuba emva kokumbiwa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ixesha elide, ukunqongophala kwe-antimony kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ngokunika ilayisenisi yokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, iTshayina inokukhusela esi sixhobo sibalulekileyo kwaye ikhusele ukhuseleko loqoqosho lwesizwe, ngelixa iqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwekhonkco leshishini le-antimony yehlabathi. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba i-antimony ingasetyenziswa kwimveliso yezixhobo, iTshayina igxininise ngokukodwa kubasebenzisi bokugqibela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-antimony ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuthintela ukuba isetyenziswe kwiimfazwe zomkhosi, nto leyo ekwabonakalisa ukuzalisekisa kweTshayina izibophelelo zayo zamazwe ngamazwe zokungasasazeki. Ulawulo lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-antimony kunye nokucacisa indawo yayo yokugqibela kunye nokusetyenziswa kuya kunceda ukukhusela ubukhosi besizwe saseTshayina, ukhuseleko, kunye nomdla wophuhliso.