Global Times 2024-08-17 06:46 Beijing
Pofuna kuteteza chitetezo cha dziko ndi zofuna zake komanso kukwaniritsa maudindo apadziko lonse lapansi monga kusafalitsa katundu, pa Ogasiti 15, Unduna wa Zamalonda ku China ndi General Administration of Customs adalengeza, akuganiza zokhazikitsa njira zowongolera kutumiza kunja kwa dziko.antimonindi zinthu zolimba kwambiri kuyambira pa Seputembala 15, ndipo palibe kutumizidwa kunja komwe kudzaloledwa popanda chilolezo. Malinga ndi chilengezochi, zinthu zomwe zikulamulidwa zikuphatikizapo miyala ya antimony ndi zinthu zopangira,antimoni yachitsulondi zinthu,mankhwala a antimoni, ndi ukadaulo wokhudzana ndi kusungunula ndi kulekanitsa zinthu. Mafomu ofunsira kutumiza zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ayenera kufotokoza wogwiritsa ntchito komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Pakati pawo, zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri chitetezo cha dziko zidzafotokozedwa ku Bungwe la Boma kuti livomerezedwe ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda mogwirizana ndi madipatimenti oyenerera.
Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku China Merchants Securities, antimony imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mabatire a lead-acid, zida za photovoltaic, ma semiconductor, ma flame retardants, zida za infrared kutali, ndi zinthu zankhondo, ndipo imatchedwa "ma industrial MSG". Makamaka, zida za antimony zili ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ankhondo ndi anthu wamba monga ma laser ndi masensa. Pakati pawo, m'gulu lankhondo, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zipolopolo, zida zoyendetsedwa ndi infrared, zida za nyukiliya, magalasi owonera usiku, ndi zina zotero. Antimony ndi yosowa kwambiri. Malo osungira antimony omwe apezeka pano amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka 24 zokha, zochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zaka 433 za rare earths ndi zaka 200 za lithiamu. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu, komanso zinthu zina zankhondo, United States, European Union, China, ndi mayiko ena alemba antimony ngati chuma chamtengo wapatali cha mchere. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kupanga antimony padziko lonse lapansi kukuchitika kwambiri ku China, Tajikistan, ndi Turkey, pomwe China ili ndi 48%. Nyuzipepala ya ku Hong Kong ya "South China Morning Post" inati bungwe la US International Trade Commission linanenapo kuti antimony ndi mchere wofunikira kwambiri pa chuma ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2024 la United States Geological Survey, ku United States, ntchito zazikulu za antimony zikuphatikizapo kupanga ma alloys a antimony-lead, zipolopolo, ndi zoletsa moto. Mwa miyala ya antimony ndi ma oxide ake omwe United States inatumiza kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2022, 63% idachokera ku China.
Ndi chifukwa cha izi zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa kuti ulamuliro wa China wotumiza kunja kwa dziko pa antimony kudzera m'machitidwe apadziko lonse lapansi wakoka chidwi chachikulu kuchokera ku atolankhani akunja. Malipoti ena akuganiza kuti iyi ndi njira yotsutsa yomwe China yatenga motsutsana ndi United States ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo pazifukwa zandale. Bloomberg News ku United States inati United States ikuganizira zoletsa China kuti ipeze zida zosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso zida zopangira ma semiconductor. Pamene boma la US likuwonjezera kuletsa kwake ma chip motsutsana ndi China, zoletsa za Beijing pa miyala yofunikayi zimawoneka ngati yankho la kubwezera ku United States. Malinga ndi Radio France Internationale, mpikisano pakati pa mayiko akumadzulo ndi China ukukulirakulira, ndipo kuwongolera kutumiza kwa chitsulochi kungayambitse mavuto m'mafakitale a mayiko akumadzulo.
Mneneri wa Unduna wa Zamalonda ku China pa 15 anati ndi njira yovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi kuyika malamulo oletsa kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi antimony ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri. Ndondomeko zoyenera sizikulunjika kudziko kapena dera linalake. Kutumiza kunja komwe kumatsatira malamulo oyenera kudzaloledwa. Mneneriyo adagogomezera kuti boma la China latsimikiza mtima kusunga mtendere ndi bata padziko lonse lapansi m'madera ozungulira, kuonetsetsa kuti unyolo wa mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi ndi unyolo wogulitsa zinthu uli otetezeka, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha malonda ogwirizana. Nthawi yomweyo, limatsutsa dziko lililonse kapena dera lililonse kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolamulidwa kuchokera ku China kuti lichite zinthu zomwe zimawononga ufulu wa dziko la China, chitetezo, ndi chitukuko.
Li Haidong, katswiri pa nkhani za ku America ku China Foreign Affairs University, adati poyankhulana ndi Global Times pa 16 kuti pambuyo pa migodi ndi kutumiza kunja kwa nthawi yayitali, kusowa kwa antimony kwakhala kofala kwambiri. Mwa kupereka chilolezo chotumiza kunja, China ikhoza kuteteza chuma ichi ndikuteteza chitetezo chachuma cha dziko, komanso kupitiliza kuonetsetsa kuti unyolo wapadziko lonse lapansi wa antimony uli otetezeka komanso wokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa antimony ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zida, China yaika chidwi chapadera pa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa antimony kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito pankhondo zankhondo, zomwe zikuwonetsanso kuti China ikukwaniritsa zomwe ikuyenera kuchita padziko lonse lapansi kuti isafalikire. Kulamulira antimony kunja ndi kufotokozera komwe ikupita ndikugwiritsa ntchito kudzathandiza kuteteza ufulu wa dziko la China, chitetezo, ndi chitukuko.