I-Cerium carbonate iyinhlanganisela engeyona into ephilayo ekhiqizwa ngokuxuba i-cerium oxide ne-carbonate. Inokusimama okuhle kakhulu kanye nokungangeni kwamakhemikhali futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengamandla enuzi, ama-catalyst, ama-pigment, ingilazi, njll. Ngokusho kwedatha yezikhungo zocwaningo lwemakethe, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-cerium carbonate ifinyelele ku-$2.4 billion ngo-2019 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$3.4 billion ngo-2024. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza i-cerium carbonate: amakhemikhali, angokwenyama, kanye ne-biological. Phakathi kwalezi zindlela, indlela yamakhemikhali isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zayo zokukhiqiza eziphansi; noma kunjalo, iphinde ibeke izinselele ezinkulu zokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Imboni ye-cerium carbonate ibonisa amathuba amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kanye namathuba kodwa kumele futhi ibhekane nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinselele zokuvikela imvelo. I-UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd., ibhizinisi elihamba phambili eShayina eligxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kanye nokukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-cerium carbonate ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemboni okusimeme ngokubeka phambili ngobuhlakani imikhuba yokuvikela imvelo ngenkathi isebenzisa izinyathelo zokusebenza kahle kakhulu ngobuhlakani. Ithimba le-R&D le-UrbanMines liqoqe lesi sihloko ukuphendula imibuzo nokukhathazeka kwamakhasimende ethu.
1. Isetshenziselwani i-cerium carbonate? Ziyini izindlela zokusebenzisa i-cerium carbonate?
I-Cerium carbonate iyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe yi-cerium ne-carbonate, esetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokulungisa izinto, izinto ezikhanyayo, izinto zokupholisha, kanye nama-reagent amakhemikhali. Izindawo zayo ezithile zokusetshenziswa zifaka:
(1) Izinto ezikhanyayo zomhlaba ezingavamile: I-cerium carbonate emsulwa kakhulu isebenza njengezinto eziluhlaza ezibalulekile ekulungiseleleni izinto ezikhanyayo zomhlaba ezingavamile. Lezi zinto ezikhanyayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhanyiseni, ekuboniseni, nakwezinye izinkambu, zinikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yesimanje ye-elekthronikhi.
(2) Izihlanzi zokukhipha ugesi ezinjinini zezimoto: I-Cerium carbonate isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-catalyst okuhlanza ugesi ezinciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa komoya ongcolile okuvela emapayipini okukhipha ugesi ezimotweni futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya.
(3) Izinto zokupholisha: Ngokusebenza njengesithako kuma-compound okupholisha, i-cerium carbonate ithuthukisa ukukhanya kanye nokushelela kwezinto ezahlukahlukene.
(4) Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela anombala: Uma esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokufaka imibala, i-cerium carbonate idlulisela imibala ethile kanye nezakhiwo kumapulasitiki obunjiniyela.
(5) Ama-Chemical Catalysts: I-Cerium carbonate ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi njengesikhuthazi samakhemikhali ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wesikhuthazi kanye nokukhetha ngenkathi ikhuthaza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.
(6) Ama-reagent amakhemikhali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha: Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwawo njenge-reagent yamakhemikhali, i-cerium carbonate ibonise ukubaluleka kwayo emikhakheni yezokwelapha njengokwelashwa kwamanxeba okusha.
(7) Izithasiselo ze-carbide ezifakwe usimende: Ukwengezwa kwe-cerium carbonate kuma-alloy e-carbide afakwe usimende kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bazo kanye namakhono okumelana nokuguguleka.
(8) Imboni Yezebumba: Imboni yezebumba isebenzisa i-cerium carbonate njengesithasiselo sokuthuthukisa izici zokusebenza kanye nezimfanelo zokubukeka zezebumba.
Ngamafuphi, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezicelo kuzo zonke izimboni, ama-cerium carbonate adlala indima ebalulekile.
2. Uyini umbala we-cerium carbonate?
Umbala we-cerium carbonate umhlophe, kodwa ubumsulwa bawo bungase buthinte kancane umbala othize, okuholela ekutheni umbala ube mthubi kancane.
3. Yiziphi izindlela ezintathu ezivamile zokusebenzisa i-cerium?
I-Cerium inezinhlelo ezintathu ezivamile:
(1) Isetshenziswa njenge-co-catalyst kuma-catalyst okuhlanza ukukhishwa kwezimoto ukuze kulondolozwe umsebenzi wokugcina umoya-mpilo, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-catalyst, futhi kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Lesi si-catalyst sisetshenziswe kabanzi ezimotweni, sinciphisa ngempumelelo ukungcola okuvela ekukhishweni kokukhishwa kwezimoto emvelweni.
(2) Isebenza njengesithasiselo engilazini yokukhanya ukuze imunce imisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye ne-infrared. Isetshenziswa kakhulu engilazini yezimoto, ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa emisebeni ye-UV futhi inciphise izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwemoto, ngaleyo ndlela yonge ugesi ngezinjongo zokupholisa umoya. Kusukela ngo-1997, i-cerium oxide ibilokhu ifakwa kuzo zonke izingilazi zezimoto zaseJapan futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States.
(3) I-Cerium ingangezwa njengesithasiselo ezintweni ezihlala njalo ze-NdFeB ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zazo ze-magnetic kanye nokuqina. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi efana nama-motor nama-generator, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nokusebenza kwayo.
4. I-cerium yenzani emzimbeni?
Imiphumela ye-cerium emzimbeni ihilela kakhulu ubuthi besibindi kanye nobuthi be-osteotoxicity, kanye nemiphumela engaba khona ohlelweni lwezinzwa olubonayo. I-Cerium kanye namakhemikhali ayo ayingozi ohlelweni lwezinzwa olubonayo kanye nolwezinzwa olubonayo, ngisho nokuphefumula okuncane kakhulu okubeka engcupheni yokukhubazeka noma izimo ezisongela impilo. I-Cerium oxide inobuthi emzimbeni womuntu, ibangela ukulimala esibindini nasemathanjeni. Empilweni yansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele nokugwema ukuhogela amakhemikhali.
Ngokukhethekile, i-cerium oxide inganciphisa okuqukethwe yi-prothrombin okwenza ingasebenzi; ivimbele ukukhiqizwa kwe-thrombin; ivimbele i-fibrinogen; futhi ivuselele ukubola kwe-phosphate compound. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezinokuqukethwe okungavamile kakhulu komhlaba kungabangela umonakalo wesibindi kanye nowamathambo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polish powder equkethe i-cerium oxide noma ezinye izinto ingangena ngqo emaphashini ngokuhogela umgudu wokuphefumula okuholela ekumisweni kwamaphaphu okungenzeka kuholele ku-silicosis. Nakuba i-radioactive cerium inesilinganiso esiphansi sokumuncwa emzimbeni, izinsana zinengxenye ephezulu yokumuncwa kwe-144Ce ezindleleni zazo zokugaya ukudla. I-radioactive cerium iqoqana kakhulu esibindini nasemathanjeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
5. Ingabei-cerium carbonateiyancibilika emanzini?
I-Cerium carbonate ayincibiliki emanzini kodwa incibilika ezixazululweni ezine-asidi. Ingumxube ozinzile ongashintshi uma uboniswa emoyeni kodwa uphenduka ube mnyama ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
6. Ingabe i-cerium iqinile noma ithambile?
I-Cerium iyinsimbi yomhlaba ethambile, emhlophe njengesiliva ethambile ene-reactivity ephezulu yamakhemikhali kanye nokuthungwa okuthambile okungasikwa ngommese.
Izakhiwo zomzimba ze-cerium nazo zisekela ubunjalo bayo obuthambile. I-Cerium inezinga lokuncibilika elingu-795°C, izinga lokubila elingu-3443°C, kanye nobuningi obungu-6.67 g/mL. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ishintsha umbala uma ivezwa emoyeni. Lezi zakhiwo zibonisa ukuthi i-cerium ngempela iyinsimbi ethambile futhi ethambile.
7. Ingabe i-cerium ingangcolisa amanzi?
I-Cerium iyakwazi ukwenza amanzi abe yi-oxidizing ngenxa yokusabela kwayo kwamakhemikhali. Isabela kancane emanzini abandayo futhi ngokushesha ngamanzi ashisayo, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-cerium hydroxide kanye negesi ye-hydrogen. Izinga lalokhu kusabela liyakhula emanzini ashisayo uma kuqhathaniswa namanzi abandayo.
8. Ingabe i-cerium ayivamile?
Yebo, i-cerium ibhekwa njengento engavamile njengoba yakha cishe u-0.0046% woqweqwe lomhlaba, okwenza ibe ngesinye sezinto eziningi kakhulu phakathi kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba.
9. Ingabe i-cerium iyi-solid liquid noma igesi?
I-Cerium ikhona njengeqinile ezingeni lokushisa legumbi kanye nezimo zokucindezela. Ibonakala njengensimbi ephendulayo empunga-siliva enokuguguleka futhi ithambile kunensimbi. Nakuba ingaguqulwa ibe uketshezi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa, ezimweni ezivamile (izinga lokushisa legumbi kanye nengcindezi), ihlala isesimweni sayo esiqinile ngenxa yezinga layo lokuncibilika elingu-795°C kanye nezinga lokubila elingu-3443°C.
10. Ibukeka kanjani i-cerium?
I-Cerium ikhombisa ukubonakala kwensimbi esabelayo yesiliva-grey eyingxenye yeqembu lezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile (ama-REE). Uphawu lwayo lwamakhemikhali yi-Ce kanti inombolo yayo ye-athomu ingu-58. Ibamba umehluko wokuba ngenye yama-REE amaningi kakhulu. Impuphu ye-Ceriu inokusabela okuphezulu emoyeni okubangela ukusha okuzenzakalelayo, futhi incibilika kalula kuma-asidi. Isebenza njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa enhle kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-alloy.
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zifaka: ubuningi busukela ku-6.7-6.9 kuye ngesakhiwo sekristalu; iphuzu lokuncibilika likuma-799℃ kanti iphuzu lokubila lifinyelela ku-3426℃. Igama elithi “cerium” livela egameni lesiNgisi elithi “Ceres”, elibhekisela ku-asteroid. Iphesenti lokuqukethwe ngaphakathi koqweqwe loMhlaba lifinyelela cishe ku-0.0046%, okwenza kube yinto evame kakhulu phakathi kwama-REE.
I-Ceriu itholakala kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-monazite, i-bastnaesite, kanye ne-fission etholakala ku-uranium-thorium plutonium. Embonini, ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi njengokusetshenziswa kwe-catalyst yokukhiqiza i-alloy.