Cerium carbonate ndi chinthu chosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe chomwe chimapangidwa pophatikiza cerium oxide ndi carbonate. Chili ndi kukhazikika kwabwino komanso kusagwira ntchito kwa mankhwala ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ma catalyst, utoto, magalasi, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi deta ya mabungwe ofufuza za msika, msika wapadziko lonse wa cerium carbonate unafika $2.4 biliyoni mu 2019 ndipo ukuyembekezeka kufika $3.4 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2024. Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zopangira cerium carbonate: mankhwala, zakuthupi, ndi zamoyo. Pakati pa njira izi, njira ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika wopanga; komabe, imabweretsanso mavuto akulu owononga chilengedwe. Makampani a cerium carbonate ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko komanso kuthekera koma ayeneranso kuthana ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso mavuto oteteza chilengedwe. UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd., kampani yotsogola ku China yomwe imadziwika bwino ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko komanso kupanga ndi kugulitsa zinthu za cerium carbonate cholinga chake ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa makampani okhazikika kudzera mu kuyika patsogolo mwanzeru njira zotetezera chilengedwe pamene ikugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Gulu la R&D la UrbanMines lalemba nkhaniyi kuti liyankhe mafunso ndi nkhawa za makasitomala athu.
1. Kodi cerium carbonate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani? Kodi cerium carbonate imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
Cerium carbonate ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi cerium ndi carbonate, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zinthu zoyambitsa, zinthu zowala, zinthu zopukutira, ndi zinthu zobwezeretsa mankhwala. Madera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awa:
(1) Zipangizo zowala za rare earth: Cerium carbonate yoyera kwambiri imagwira ntchito ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri pokonzekera zinthu zowala za rare earth. Zipangizo zowala izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powunikira, kuwonetsa, ndi zina, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo makampani amakono amagetsi.
(2) Zotsukira utsi wa injini ya galimoto: Cerium carbonate imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zotsukira utsi wa galimoto zomwe zimachepetsa bwino utsi woipa wochokera ku utsi wa galimoto ndipo zimathandiza kwambiri pakukweza mpweya wabwino.
(3) Zipangizo zopukutira: Pokhala ngati chowonjezera mu zinthu zopukutira, cerium carbonate imawonjezera kuwala ndi kusalala kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
(4) Mapulasitiki aukadaulo amitundu: Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopaka utoto, cerium carbonate imapatsa mitundu ndi makhalidwe enaake ku mapulasitiki aukadaulo.
(5) Zothandizira Zamankhwala: Cerium carbonate imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ngati chothandizira chamankhwala powonjezera ntchito ya chothandizira komanso kusankha bwino zinthu pamene imalimbikitsa zochita za mankhwala.
(6) Zothandizira mankhwala ndi ntchito zachipatala: Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ngati chothandizira mankhwala, cerium carbonate yawonetsa kufunika kwake m'magawo azachipatala monga chithandizo cha mabala oyaka.
(7) Zowonjezera za carbide yopangidwa ndi simenti: Kuonjezera cerium carbonate ku ma alloy a carbide opangidwa ndi simenti kumawonjezera kuuma kwawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kokana kutopa.
(8) Makampani Opanga Zinthu Zopangira Udongo: Makampani opanga zinthu zopangira udongo amagwiritsa ntchito cerium carbonate ngati chowonjezera kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu zopangira udongo.
Mwachidule, chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake apadera komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, ma cerium carbonates ndi ofunika kwambiri.
2. Kodi mtundu wa cerium carbonate ndi wotani?
Mtundu wa cerium carbonate ndi woyera, koma kuyera kwake kungakhudze pang'ono mtundu womwewo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utoto wake ukhale wachikasu pang'ono.
3. Kodi ndi zinthu zitatu ziti zomwe cerium imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri?
Cerium imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
(1) Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pa zotsukira utsi wa magalimoto kuti isunge ntchito yosungira mpweya, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a chotsukira, komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Chotsukira ichi chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe chifukwa cha utsi wa magalimoto.
(2) Imagwira ntchito ngati chowonjezera mu galasi lowala kuti itenge kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi infrared. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu galasi lamagalimoto, kupereka chitetezo ku kuwala kwa UV ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa mkati mwa galimoto, motero kusunga magetsi kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoziziritsa kukhosi. Kuyambira mu 1997, cerium oxide yaphatikizidwa mu magalasi onse amagalimoto aku Japan ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ku United States.
(3) Cerium ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ngati chowonjezera ku zipangizo zamaginito zokhazikika za NdFeB kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu zawo zamaginito komanso kukhazikika kwawo. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zamagetsi ndi makina amagetsi monga ma mota ndi majenereta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zizigwira bwino ntchito komanso zizigwira ntchito bwino.
4. Kodi cerium imachita chiyani m'thupi?
Zotsatira za cerium m'thupi zimakhudza kwambiri chiwindi ndi mafupa, komanso zotsatira zake pa dongosolo la mitsempha ya maso. Cerium ndi mankhwala ake amawononga khungu la munthu ndi dongosolo la mitsempha ya maso, ndipo ngakhale kupuma pang'ono kumabweretsa chilema kapena matenda oopsa. Cerium oxide ndi poizoni m'thupi la munthu, zomwe zimawononga chiwindi ndi mafupa. Pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndikofunikira kusamala bwino ndikupewa kupuma mankhwala.
Makamaka, cerium oxide imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa prothrombin m'thupi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isagwire ntchito; imaletsa kupanga thrombin m'thupi; imayambitsa fibrinogen; ndipo imayambitsa kuwola kwa phosphate compound. Kukumana ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi rare earth yambiri nthawi yayitali kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi mafupa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ufa wopukutira wokhala ndi cerium oxide kapena zinthu zina ukhoza kulowa mwachindunji m'mapapo kudzera mu kupuma mpweya womwe umatsogolera ku kuyika kwa mapapo komwe kungayambitse silicosis. Ngakhale kuti radioactive cerium ili ndi mlingo wochepa woyamwa m'thupi, makanda ali ndi gawo lalikulu la kuyamwa kwa 144Ce m'matumbo awo. Radioactive cerium imasonkhana makamaka m'chiwindi ndi mafupa pakapita nthawi.
5. Kodicerium carbonatezimasungunuka m'madzi?
Cerium carbonate siisungunuka m'madzi koma imasungunuka mu njira za asidi. Ndi chinthu chokhazikika chomwe sichimasintha chikayikidwa mumlengalenga koma chimakhala chakuda chifukwa cha kuwala kwa ultraviolet.
6. Kodi cerium ndi yolimba kapena yofewa?
Cerium ndi chitsulo chofewa, choyera ngati siliva chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zambiri zopanga mankhwala komanso kapangidwe kake kofewa komwe kamadulidwa ndi mpeni.
Kapangidwe ka cerium kamathandizanso kuti ikhale yofewa. Cerium ili ndi malo osungunuka a 795°C, malo owira a 3443°C, komanso kuchuluka kwa 6.67 g/mL. Kuphatikiza apo, imasintha mtundu wake ikayikidwa mumlengalenga. Kapangidwe kameneka kamasonyeza kuti cerium ndi chitsulo chofewa komanso chofewa.
7. Kodi cerium ingasungunule madzi?
Cerium imatha kupangitsa madzi kukhala oxidizing chifukwa cha momwe imagwirira ntchito ndi mankhwala. Imayankha pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi ozizira komanso mwachangu ndi madzi otentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cerium hydroxide ndi mpweya wa hydrogen zipangidwe. Kuchuluka kwa izi kumawonjezeka m'madzi otentha poyerekeza ndi madzi ozizira.
8. Kodi cerium ndi yosowa?
Inde, cerium imaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chosowa chifukwa imapanga pafupifupi 0.0046% ya nthaka ya dziko lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'nthaka.
9. Kodi cerium ndi madzi olimba kapena mpweya?
Cerium imapezeka ngati yolimba pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kupanikizika. Imawoneka ngati chitsulo chosinthika cha siliva-imvi chomwe chimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimba komanso chofewa kuposa chitsulo. Ngakhale kuti imatha kusandulika kukhala madzi pa kutentha, pa kutentha kwabwinobwino (kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kupanikizika), imakhalabe yolimba chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kwa 795°C ndi kutentha kwa 3443°C.
10. Kodi cerium imawoneka bwanji?
Cerium imawoneka ngati chitsulo chosinthika cha siliva-imvi chomwe chili m'gulu la zinthu zosadziwika bwino zapadziko lapansi (REEs). Chizindikiro chake cha mankhwala ndi Ce pomwe nambala yake ya atomiki ndi 58. Ili ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri ya kukhala imodzi mwa ma REE ambiri. Ufa wa Ceriu uli ndi mphamvu zambiri zoyatsira mpweya zomwe zimayambitsa kuyaka mwadzidzidzi, komanso umasungunuka mosavuta mu ma acid. Umagwira ntchito ngati chochepetsera chabwino kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga alloy.
Makhalidwe ake enieni ndi awa: kuchulukana kwa madzi kumakhala pakati pa 6.7-6.9 kutengera kapangidwe ka kristalo; kutentha kosungunuka kumakhala pa 799℃ pomwe kutentha kowira kumafika pa 3426℃. Dzina lakuti "cerium" limachokera ku liwu la Chingerezi lakuti "Ceres", lomwe limatanthauza asteroid. Chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa crust ya Dziko Lapansi ndi pafupifupi 0.0046%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofala kwambiri pakati pa ma REE.
Ceriu imapezeka makamaka mu zinthu za monazite, bastnaesite, ndi fission zochokera ku uranium-thorium plutonium. M'mafakitale, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga kugwiritsa ntchito alloy catalyst.