I-Cerium carbonate yi-inorganic compound eveliswa ngokuphendula i-cerium oxide ne-carbonate. Izinzile kakhulu kwaye ayinayo i-chemical identity kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana namandla enyukliya, ii-catalysts, ii-pigment, iglasi, njl. Ngokwedatha yamaziko ophando lwemarike, imakethi yehlabathi ye-cerium carbonate ifikelele kwi-$2.4 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2019 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-$3.4 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2024. Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zemveliso ye-cerium carbonate: iikhemikhali, ezomzimba, kunye nezebhayoloji. Phakathi kwezi ndlela, indlela yekhemikhali isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi zemveliso; nangona kunjalo, ikwabeka nemingeni ebalulekileyo yongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Ishishini le-cerium carbonate libonisa amathuba amakhulu ophuhliso kunye namathuba kodwa kufuneka lijongane nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye nemingeni yokukhusela okusingqongileyo. I-UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd., ishishini eliphambili eTshayina eligxile kuphando nophuhliso kunye nemveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kweemveliso ze-cerium carbonate lijolise ekukhuthazeni ukukhula okuzinzileyo kweshishini ngokubeka phambili ngobuchule iindlela zokukhusela okusingqongileyo ngelixa lisebenzisa amanyathelo okusebenza kakuhle ngobulumko. Iqela le-R&D le-UrbanMines liqokelele eli nqaku ukuphendula imibuzo kunye neenkxalabo zabathengi bethu.
1. Isetyenziselwa ntoni i-cerium carbonate? Zithini iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo i-cerium carbonate?
I-Cerium carbonate yi-compound eyenziwe yi-cerium kunye ne-carbonate, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokulungisa izinto, izinto ezikhanyayo, izinto zokupholisha, kunye nee-reagents zeekhemikhali. Iindawo ezithile zokusetyenziswa kwayo ziquka:
(1) Izinto ezikhazimlayo zomhlaba ongaqhelekanga: I-cerium carbonate ecocekileyo kakhulu isebenza njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni izinto ezikhazimlayo zomhlaba onqabileyo. Ezi zinto zikhazimlayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhanyiseni, ekuboniseni, nakwezinye iindawo, zibonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ishishini le-elektroniki lanamhlanje.
(2) Izicoci zomphunga weenjini zeemoto: I-Cerium carbonate isetyenziswa ekwenzeni izicoci zokucoca umphunga weemoto ezinciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhutshwa kokungcola okuvela kwimphunga zeemoto kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni umgangatho womoya.
(3) Izinto zokupholisha: Ngokusebenza njengesithako kwimixube yokupholisha, i-cerium carbonate yongeza ukukhanya kunye nokuguda kwezinto ezahlukeneyo.
(4) Iiplastiki zobunjineli ezinemibala: Xa zisetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokufaka imibala, i-cerium carbonate inika imibala ethile kunye neempawu kwiiplastiki zobunjineli.
(5) IiCatalysts zeKhemikhali: I-Cerium carbonate ifumana usetyenziso olubanzi njenge-catalyst yekhemikhali ngokuphucula umsebenzi we-catalyst kunye nokukhetha ngelixa ikhuthaza ukusabela kweekhemikhali.
(6) Iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwezonyango: Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni kwayo njengekhemikhali esetyenziswayo, i-cerium carbonate ibonakalise ixabiso layo kwiinkalo zonyango ezifana nonyango lwamanxeba okutsha.
(7) Izongezo ze-carbide ezinesamente: Ukongezwa kwe-cerium carbonate kwii-alloys ze-carbide ezinesamente kuphucula ubulukhuni bazo kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukumelana nokuguguleka.
(8) Ishishini leCeramic: Ishishini leCeramic lisebenzisa i-cerium carbonate njengesongezelelo ukuphucula iimpawu zokusebenza kunye neempawu zokubonakala kwe-ceramics.
Ngamafutshane, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kuzo zonke iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ii-cerium carbonates zidlala indima ebalulekileyo.
2. Ithini umbala we-cerium carbonate?
Umbala we-cerium carbonate umhlophe, kodwa ubumsulwa bayo bunokuchaphazela kancinci umbala othile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbala ube mthubi kancinci.
3. Ziziphi iindlela ezintathu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ze-cerium?
I-Cerium inezicelo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo:
(1) Isetyenziswa njenge-co-catalyst kwi-catalysts zokucoca i-exhaust yeemoto ukugcina umsebenzi wokugcina i-oksijini, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-catalyst, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Le catalyst yamkelwe ngokubanzi kwiimoto, inciphisa ngempumelelo ungcoliseko oluvela kwi-exhaust yeemoto oluya kwindalo esingqongileyo.
(2) Isebenza njengesongezelelo kwiglasi ye-optical ukuze ifunxe imitha ye-ultraviolet kunye ne-infrared. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiglasi yeemoto, ikhusela kwimitha ye-UV kwaye inciphisa ubushushu bangaphakathi kwimoto, ngaloo ndlela igcina umbane ngeenjongo zokupholisa umoya. Ukususela ngo-1997, i-cerium oxide ifakiwe kuzo zonke iiglasi zeemoto zaseJapan kwaye ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu eMelika.
(3) I-Cerium ingongezwa njengesongezelelo kwizinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-NdFeB ukuphucula iipropati zazo zemagnethi kunye nozinzo. Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimashini ze-elektroniki kunye nezombane ezifana neemoto kunye neejenereyitha, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo kunye nokusebenza kwazo.
4. Yintoni eyenziwa yi-cerium emzimbeni?
Iziphumo ze-cerium emzimbeni ngokuyintloko zibandakanya ubuthi besibindi kunye ne-osteotoxicity, kunye nemiphumo enokubakho kwinkqubo ye-optic nervous. I-Cerium kunye neekhompawundi zayo ziyingozi kwi-epidermis yomntu nakwinkqubo ye-optic nervous, kwaye ukuphefumla okuncinci kakhulu kubeka umngcipheko wokukhubazeka okanye iimeko ezisongela ubomi. I-Cerium oxide iyingozi emzimbeni womntu, ibangela ingozi kwisibindi namathambo. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kwaye uphephe ukuphefumla iikhemikhali.
Ngokukodwa, i-cerium oxide inokunciphisa umxholo we-prothrombin okwenza ingasebenzi; ithintele ukuveliswa kwe-thrombin; ikhawulezise i-fibrinogen; kwaye ivuselele ukubola kwe-phosphate compound. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwizinto ezinomxholo we-rare earth ogqithisileyo kunokubangela umonakalo kwisibindi namathambo.
Ukongeza, umgubo wokupolisha oqulethe i-cerium oxide okanye ezinye izinto unokungena ngqo emiphungeni ngokuphefumla okukhokelela ekumisweni kwemiphunga okunokubangela i-silicosis. Nangona i-radioactive cerium inezinga eliphantsi lokufunxwa emzimbeni, iintsana zineqhezu eliphezulu lokufunxwa kwe-144Ce kwiindawo zazo zesisu. I-radioactive cerium iqokelelana kakhulu esibindini nasemathanjeni ngokuhamba kwexesha.
5. Ngabai-cerium carbonateiyanyibilika emanzini?
I-Cerium carbonate ayinyibiliki emanzini kodwa iyanyibilika kwizisombululo ze-asidi. Yikhompawundi ezinzileyo engatshintshiyo xa ivezwa emoyeni kodwa ijika ibe mnyama phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
6. Ingaba i-cerium iqinile okanye ithambile?
I-Cerium yintsimbi yomhlaba ethambileyo, emhlophe njengesilivere ene-reactivity ephezulu yeekhemikhali kunye nokwakheka okuthambileyo okunokusikwa ngemela.
Iimpawu zomzimba ze-cerium zikwaxhasa ubunjani bayo bokuthamba. I-Cerium ineqondo lokunyibilika eliyi-795°C, iqondo lokubila eliyi-3443°C, kunye noxinano oluyi-6.67 g/mL. Ukongeza, itshintsha umbala xa ivezwa emoyeni. Ezi mpawu zibonisa ukuba i-cerium yintsimbi ethambileyo nethambileyo.
7. Ngaba i-cerium ingenza amanzi abe yi-oxidative?
I-Cerium inako ukwenza amanzi abe yi-oxidizing ngenxa ye-chemical reactivity yayo. Isabela kancinci namanzi abandayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza namanzi ashushu, nto leyo ebangela ukwakheka kwe-cerium hydroxide kunye ne-hydrogen gas. Isantya sale reaction siyanda kumanzi ashushu xa kuthelekiswa namanzi abandayo.
8. Ingaba i-cerium ayifumaneki lula?
Ewe, i-cerium ithathwa njengesixhobo esinqabileyo kuba imalunga ne-0.0046% yoqweqwe lomhlaba, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto zininzi phakathi kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
9. Ingaba i-cerium lulwelo oluqinileyo okanye igesi?
I-Cerium ikhona njenge-solid xa ikwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo. Ibonakala njengesinyithi esiguqukayo sesilivere-grey esine-ductility kwaye sithambile kunesinyithi. Nangona inokuguqulwa ibe lulwelo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu, kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo (ubushushu begumbi kunye noxinzelelo), ihlala ikwimeko yayo eqinileyo ngenxa yeqondo layo lokunyibilika eliyi-795°C kunye neqondo lokubila eliyi-3443°C.
10. Ijongeka njani i-cerium?
I-Cerium ibonakalisa imbonakalo yesinyithi esiphendulayo sesilivere-grey esikwiqela lezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (ii-REE). Uphawu lwayo lwekhemikhali yi-Ce ngelixa inani layo le-athomu liyi-58. Ibamba umahluko wokuba yenye yee-REE ezininzi. Umgubo we-Ceriu une-reactivity ephezulu emoyeni ebangela ukutsha okuzenzekelayo, kwaye ikwanyibilika ngokulula kwii-asidi. Isebenza njengearhente yokunciphisa ebalaseleyo esetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa i-alloy.
Iimpawu zomzimba ziquka: uxinano luqala kwi-6.7-6.9 kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sekristale; iqondo lokunyibilika likuma kwi-799℃ ngelixa iqondo lokubila lifikelela kwi-3426℃. Igama elithi "cerium" livela kwigama lesiNgesi elithi "Ceres", elibhekisa kwi-asteroid. Ipesenti yomxholo ngaphakathi koqweqwe loMhlaba ifikelela kwi-0.0046%, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu kwii-REE.
I-Ceriu ifumaneka kakhulu kwi-monazite, i-bastnaesite, kunye neemveliso ze-fission ezivela kwi-uranium-thorium plutonium. Kwimizi-mveliso, isetyenziswa kakhulu njengokusetyenziswa kwe-catalyst yokwenziwa kwe-alloy.