Ingqalasizinda Entsha ye-5G Iqhuba Uchungechunge Lwezimboni zeTantalum
I-5G ifaka umfutho omusha ekuthuthukisweni komnotho waseShayina, futhi ingqalasizinda entsha nayo iholele ijubane lokwakhiwa kwezindlu zasekhaya esikhathini esisheshayo.
UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi waseShayina wembula ngoMeyi ukuthi izwe lanezela iziteshi ezintsha ze-5G ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 ngesonto. Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi se-5G sasekhaya saseShayina kudlule uphawu lwama-200,000 ngokugcwele, kanye namafoni eselula e-5G asekhaya ayizigidi ezingu-17.51 athunyelwe ngoJuni kulo nyaka, okubalwa amaphesenti angama-61 okuthunyelwa kwamafoni eselula esikhathini esifanayo. Njenge "sokuqala" kanye "nesisekelo" sengqalasizinda entsha, uchungechunge lwezimboni ze-5G ngokungangabazeki luzoba yindaba eshisayo isikhathi eside esizayo.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezentengiselwano kwe-5G, ama-capacitor e-tantalum anethuba elibanzi lokusetshenziswa.
Njengoba kunezinguquko ezinkulu zokushisa zangaphandle kanye nezinguquko eziningi zemvelo, iziteshi zesisekelo ze-5G kumele zibe nokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesevisi. Lokhu kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi esiteshini sesisekelo. Phakathi kwazo, ama-capacitor ayizingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezibalulekile zeziteshi zesisekelo ze-5G. Ama-capacitor e-Tantalum angama-capacitor ahamba phambili.
Ama-capacitor e-Tantalum abonakala ngomthamo omncane, inani elincane le-ESR, inani elikhulu le-capacitance kanye nokunemba okuphezulu. Ama-capacitor e-Tantalum nawo anezici zokushisa ezizinzile, ububanzi bokushisa bokusebenza obubanzi, njll. Okwamanje, angaziphulukisa ngokwawo ngemva kokwehluleka ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokunquma ukuthi umkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi ungumkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu noma cha.
Ngezinzuzo ezifana nokusebenza kahle kwemvamisa ephezulu, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elibanzi, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kanye nokufaneleka kokwenza kube lula, ama-capacitor e-tantalum asetshenziswa kabanzi eziteshini zesisekelo ze-5G ezigcizelela "ukwenza kube lula, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye ne-bandwidth enkulu". Inani leziteshi zesisekelo ze-5G liphindwe kabili-kathathu kunele-4G. Okwamanje, ekukhuleni okukhulu kwamashaja asheshayo efoni ephathekayo, ama-capacitor e-tantalum asejwayelekile ngenxa yokukhipha okuzinzile kanye nevolumu encishisiwe ngo-75%.
Ngenxa yezimpawu zemvamisa yokusebenza, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zohlelo lokusebenza, inani leziteshi zesisekelo ze-5G lingaphezu kwe-4G. Idatha ngokusho komnyango wezimboni kanye nokudalulwa kolwazi, ngenani leziteshi zesisekelo ze-4G ezweni lonke ngo-2019 laya ku-5.44 million, kanjalo nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-5G ukuze kufezwe izidingo ezifanayo zokumbozwa, noma isidingo seziteshi zesisekelo ze-5 g, kulindeleke ukuthi kube yizigidi eziyi-1000 ~ 20 kusukela manje kuqhubeke, uma ufuna ukufinyelela ukufinyelela kwe-5G jikelele, udinga ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu le-tantalum capacitor, ngokusho kokubikezela kwemakethe, isikali semakethe ye-tantalum capacitor sizofinyelela ku-7.02 billion yuan ngo-2020, ikusasa lizoqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngentuthuko eqhubekayo yezimoto zikagesi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-AI, amadivayisi agqokwayo, amaseva amafu, ngisho nemakethe yemishini kagesi eshaja ngokushesha enamandla aphezulu, kuvela imishini esebenza kahle, futhi izidingo ezengeziwe zizobekwa kuma-capacitor aphezulu, okungukuthi ama-capacitor e-tantalum. Amakhanda okushaja e-iPhone namathebhulethi e-Apple, isibonelo, asebenzisa ama-capacitor amabili e-tantalum asebenza kahle njengezihlungi zokukhipha. Ama-capacitor e-Tantalum afihla imakethe eyizigidi eziyishumi ngobuningi nangobukhulu, okuzodala amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezihlobene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-capacitor asetshenziswa nasemishinini yezindiza.izingxenye ezengeziwe. Ngenxa yezici zayo "zokuziphilisa", i-tantalum capacitor ethandwa yimakethe yezempi, i-SMT SMD tantalum capacitor enkulu, i-tantalum capacitor exubile enamandla aphezulu esetshenziswa ekugcineni amandla, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo ye-tantalum shell encapsulation capacitor, efanelekile kwisekethe enkulu ehambisanayo esebenzisa i-polymer tantalum capacitor, njll., ihlangabezana kakhulu nezidingo zokubaluleka kwemakethe yezempi.
Isidingo esikhulu sama-capacitor e-tantalum siholele ekwandeni kokushoda kwesitoko, okuqhuba ukukhula kwemakethe yezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphezulu.
Amanani e-Tantalum akhuphuke engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2020. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuqubuka kwe-coVID-19 ekuqaleni konyaka, inani lezimayini emhlabeni wonke lalingekho phezulu njengoba bekulindelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yemingcele ethile yokuhamba, ukunikezwa okuphelele kuncane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-capacitor e-tantalum asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni kagesi. Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ngenxa yomthelela wobhubhane, isidingo semikhiqizo kagesi sanda, okwaholela ekwandeni kwama-capacitor e-tantalum. Njengoba ama-capacitor ewukusetshenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-tantalum, u-40-50% wokukhiqizwa kwe-tantalum emhlabeni kusetshenziswa kuma-capacitor e-tantalum, okukhulisa isidingo se-tantalum futhi kukhuphule intengo.
I-Tantalum oxideI-Tantalum Capacitor Products ikhuphuka kakhulu, i-Tantalum Capacitor Chain ikhula ngokushesha emakethe yaseChina, i-Oxidation Tantalum kanye ne-Niobium oxide, ngonyaka ka-2018, i-Compound Growth ifinyelele amathani angu-590 kanye namathani angu-2250, phakathi kuka-2014 no-2018, i-Compound Growth ifinyelele amathani angu-20.5% kanye no-13.6%, kanti ngo-2023 kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe ibe ngamathani angu-851.9 kanye namathani angu-3248.9, ngokulandelana.
Njengoba uhlelo lokuqala lweminyaka eyishumi lukahulumeni waseShayina lokusebenzisa isu lokwenza iShayina libe amandla okukhiqiza, olwenziwa eShayina ngo-2025 luphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezimbili eziyisisekelo, okungukuthi imboni yobuchwepheshe bolwazi yesizukulwane esisha kanye nemboni yezinto ezintsha. Phakathi kwazo, imboni yezinto ezintsha kufanele ilwele ukugqashula eqoqweni lezinto eziyisisekelo ezithuthukisiwe, njengezinto zensimbi nensimbi ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinto ze-petrochemical, ezidingeka ngokushesha emikhakheni ebalulekile yesicelo, okuzophinde kulethe amathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi ye-tantalum-niobium.
Uchungechunge lwenani lomkhakha we-tantalum-Niobium metallurgy luhlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa (i-tantalum ore), imikhiqizo ye-hydrometallurgical (i-tantalum oxide, i-niobium oxide kanye ne-potassium fluotantalate), imikhiqizo ye-pyrometallurgical (i-tantalum powder kanye ne-tantalum wire), imikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe (i-tantalum capacitor, njll.), imikhiqizo ye-terminal kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezansi (iziteshi zesisekelo ze-5G, insimu yezindiza, imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ephezulu, njll.). Njengoba yonke imikhiqizo ye-thermal metallurgical ikhiqizwa ngemikhiqizo ye-hydrometallurgical, futhi imikhiqizo ye-hydrometallurgical ingasetshenziswa ngqo ukukhiqiza ingxenye yemikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe noma imikhiqizo ye-terminal, imikhiqizo ye-hydrometallurgical idlala indima ebalulekile embonini ye-tantalum-niobium metallurgical.
I-tantalum-niobium p engezansiImakethe yemikhiqizo kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule, ngokusho kombiko we-Zha Consulting. Ukukhiqizwa kwempuphu ye-tantalum emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kwande kusuka kumathani angaba ngu-1,456.3 ngo-2018 kuya cishe kumathani angu-1,826.2 ngo-2023. Ikakhulukazi, ukukhiqizwa kwempuphu ye-tantalum yezinga lensimbi emakethe yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kwande kusuka kumathani angaba ngu-837.1 ngo-2018 kuya cishe kumathani angu-1,126.1 ngo-2023 (okungukuthi, izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingaba ngu-6.1%). Okwamanje, umkhiqizo webha ye-tantalum yaseShayina kulindeleke ukuthi wande kusuka kumathani angaba ngu-221.6 ngo-2018 kuya cishe kumathani angu-337.6 ngo-2023 (okungukuthi, izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingaba ngu-8.8%), ngokusho kombiko we-Jolson Consulting. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamakhasimende ayo angaba khona, le nkampani ithe encwadini yayo yocwaningo ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-68.8 emali eqoqwe izosetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo engezansi, njenge-tantalum powder and bars, ukuze kwandiswe isisekelo sayo samakhasimende, kutholakale amathuba ebhizinisi engeziwe futhi kwandiswe isabelo semakethe.
Ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ngaphansi komkhakha we-5G kusesesigabeni sokuqala. I-5G ibonakala ngokuvama okuphezulu kanye nokuxinana okuphezulu. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sobubanzi obulinganayo obusebenzayo, isidingo seziteshi eziyisisekelo siphezulu kakhulu kunasesikhathini sokuxhumana sangaphambilini. Lo nyaka ngunyaka wokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ye-5G. Ngokusheshiswa kokwakhiwa kwe-5G, isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ephezulu siyakhula, okwenza isidingo sama-capacitor e-tantalum sihlale siqinile.