Kaabayaasha Cusub ee 5G waxay Horumariyaan Silsiladda Warshadaha Tantalum
5G waxay dardar cusub gelinaysaa horumarka dhaqaalaha Shiinaha, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha cusubna waxay sidoo kale horseedeen xawaaraha dhismaha gudaha xilli la dardar geliyay.
Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Tiknoolajiyadda Macluumaadka ee Shiinaha ayaa bishii Maajo shaaca ka qaaday in dalku uu ku darayo in ka badan 10,000 oo saldhig oo cusub oo 5G ah usbuucii. Dhismaha saldhigyada saldhigga ee gudaha Shiinaha ee 5G ayaa dhaafay heerka 200,000 ee awoodda buuxda, iyadoo 17.51 milyan oo taleefannada gacanta ee gudaha ee 5G la soo diray bishii Juun ee sannadkan, taasoo ka dhigan 61 boqolkiiba rarista taleefannada gacanta isla muddadaas. Iyada oo ah "aasaaska" ugu horreeya iyo "aasaaska" kaabayaasha cusub, silsiladda warshadaha 5G shaki la'aan waxay noqon doontaa mowduuc kulul muddo dheer soo socota.
Iyada oo la horumarinayo ganacsiga degdega ah ee 5G, capacitors-ka tantalum waxay leeyihiin rajo ballaaran oo codsi ah.
Iyada oo ay jirto farqi weyn oo heerkulka bannaanka ah iyo isbeddello badan oo deegaanka ah, saldhigyada saldhigga 5G waa inay lahaadaan xasillooni aad u sarreysa iyo cimri dheer oo adeeg ah. Tani waxay soo bandhigaysaa shuruudo sare oo loogu talagalay tayada iyo waxqabadka qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee saldhigga saldhigga. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, capacitors-ku waa qaybo elektaroonik ah oo aan lagama maarmaan u ah saldhigyada saldhigga 5G. Tantalum capacitors-ku waa capacitors-ka ugu horreeya.
Kaabayaasha Tantalum waxaa lagu gartaa mugga yar, qiimaha ESR yar, qiimaha awoodda weyn iyo saxnaanta sare. Kaabayaasha Tantalum sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin astaamo heerkul deggan, heerkul hawlgal oo ballaaran, iwm. Dhanka kale, way is bogsan karaan ka dib markay ku guuldareystaan inay hubiyaan xasilloonida shaqada muddada dheer. Sidaa darteed, xaalado badan, waa calaamad muhiim ah in la go'aamiyo in badeecad elektaroonik ah ay tahay badeecad heer sare ah iyo in kale.
Iyada oo leh faa'iidooyin ay ka mid yihiin hufnaanta soo noqnoqoshada sare, heerkulka hawlgalka ballaaran, isku halaynta sare iyo ku habboon yaraynta, capacitors-ka tantalum waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa saldhigyada saldhigga 5G kuwaas oo xoogga saaraya "yaraynta, hufnaanta sare iyo baaxadda weyn". Tirada saldhigyada saldhigga 5G waa 2-3 jeer ka badan 4G. Dhanka kale, kobaca degdegga ah ee dallacaadaha degdega ah ee taleefannada gacanta, capacitors-ka tantalum waxay noqdeen kuwo caadi ah sababtoo ah wax soo saar deggan oo mugga hoos u dhacay 75%.
Sababo la xiriira sifooyinka soo noqnoqda ee shaqada, xaaladaha isku midka ah ee codsiga, tirada saldhigyada saldhigga 5G waa in ka badan 4G. Xogta sida laga soo xigtay wasaaradda warshadaha iyo shaacinta macluumaadka, tirada saldhigyada saldhigga 4G ee dalka oo dhan sanadka 2019 ilaa 5.44 milyan, sidoo kale dhismaha shabakadda 5G si loo gaaro shuruudaha caymiska isku midka ah, ama loo baahan yahay saldhigyada saldhigga 5g, 1000 ~ 20 milyan ayaa la filayaa inay korodho laga bilaabo hadda, haddii aad rabto inaad gaarto marin caalami ah oo 5G ah, aad u baahan tahay inaad isticmaasho xaddi badan oo ah capacitor-ka tantalum, sida laga soo xigtay saadaasha suuqa, cabbirka suuqa capacitor-ka tantalum wuxuu gaari doonaa 7.02 bilyan yuan sanadka 2020, mustaqbalku wuxuu sii wadi doonaa kobaca degdegga ah.
Isla markaana, iyadoo si tartiib tartiib ah loo horumarinayo gawaarida korontada, sirdoonka macmalka ah, AI, aaladaha la xiran karo, adeegayaasha daruuraha, iyo xitaa suuqa qalabka korontada ee awoodda sare leh ee taleefannada casriga ah, qalabka waxqabadka sare leh ayaa soo baxaya, waxaana la saari doonaa baahiyo badan oo ku saabsan capacitors-ka heerka sare ah, kuwaas oo ah capacitors-ka tantalum. Tusaale ahaan, madaxyada dallacaadda iPhone-ka iyo kiniiniga ee Apple, waxay isticmaalaan laba capacitors-ka tantalum-ka heerka sare ah sida shaandhaynta wax soo saarka. Capacitors-ka Tantalum-ka waxay qariyaan suuq dhan toban bilyan oo tiro iyo miisaanba leh, taas oo abuuri doonta fursado horumarineed oo loogu talagalay warshadaha la xiriira.
Intaa waxaa dheer, capacitors-ka waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa qalabka hawada sareqaybo badan. Sababtoo ah sifooyinka "is-bogsiinta", capacitor-ka tantalum-ka ee suuqa militariga uu doorbiday, capacitor-ka tantalum-ka ee SMT SMD ee baaxadda weyn, capacitor-ka tantalum-ka ee isku dhafan ee tamarta sare leh ee loo isticmaalo kaydinta tamarta, isku halaynta sare ee alaabada capacitor-ka ee lagu xidho qolofka tantalum-ka, oo ku habboon wareegga ballaaran ee barbar socda iyadoo la adeegsanayo capacitor-ka tantalum-ka ee polymer-ka, iwm., wuxuu si weyn u buuxiyaa shuruudaha gaarka ah ee suuqa militariga.
Baahida sare ee loo qabo capacitors-ka tantalum ayaa keentay inay sii xumaato yaraanta saamiyada, taasoo keentay kobaca suuqa alaabta ceeriin ee kor u kaca.
Qiimaha Tantalum ayaa kor u kacay qeybtii hore ee 2020. Dhinac, sababtoo ah faafitaanka cudurka COVID-19 bilowgii sanadka, mugga macdan qodista adduunka ma uusan ahayn mid aad u sarreeya sidii la filayay. Dhanka kale, sababo la xiriira caqabado gaar ah oo dhanka gaadiidka ah, sahayda guud waa mid aad u yar. Dhanka kale, capacitors-ka tantalum-ka waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa alaabada elektaroonigga ah. Qeybtii hore ee sanadka, saameynta cudurka faafa awgeed, baahida loo qabo alaabada elektaroonigga ah ayaa korodhay, taasoo keentay koror ku yimaada capacitors-ka tantalum-ka. Maadaama capacitors-ku ay yihiin isticmaalka ugu muhiimsan ee tantalum-ka, 40-50% wax soo saarka tantalum-ka adduunka ayaa loo isticmaalaa capacitors-ka tantalum-ka, taasoo kor u qaadaysa baahida loo qabo tantalum-ka isla markaana kor u qaadaysa qiimaha.
Tantalum oksaydhwaa kor u kaca wax soo saarka tantalum capacitor, silsiladda warshadaha ee tantalum capacitor hore ee alaabta ceeriin, oksaydhka tantalum iyo niobium oxide ee suuqa Shiinaha ayaa si xawli ah u koraya, wax soo saarka sanadlaha ah ee 2018 wuxuu gaaray 590 tan iyo 2250 tan siday u kala horreeyaan, inta u dhaxaysa 2014 iyo 2018 heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isku-dhafka ah 20.5% iyo 13.6% siday u kala horreeyaan, cabbirka suuqa ee 2023 waxaa la filayaa inuu noqdo 851.9 tan iyo 3248.9 tan, siday u kala horreeyaan, heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isku-dhafka ah ee 7.6%, booska guud ee warshadaha si loogu koro caafimaad qaba.
Maadaama barnaamijka ficil ee ugu horreeya ee tobanka sano ah ee dowladda Shiinaha uu hirgelinayo istaraatiijiyadda ah in Shiinaha laga dhigo awood wax soo saar, oo laga sameeyay Shiinaha 2025, wuxuu soo jeedinayaa horumarinta laba warshadood oo aasaasi ah oo asaasi ah, kuwaas oo kala ah warshadaha tignoolajiyada macluumaadka ee jiilka cusub iyo warshadaha agabka cusub. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, warshadaha agabka cusub waa inay ku dadaalaan inay dhex maraan dufcad agab aasaasi ah oo horumarsan, sida agabka birta iyo birta ee horumarsan iyo agabka batroolka, kuwaas oo si degdeg ah loogu baahan yahay meelaha muhiimka ah ee codsiga, taas oo sidoo kale keeni doonta fursado cusub oo loogu talagalay horumarinta warshadaha birta tantalum-niobium.
Silsiladda qiimaha ee warshadaha birta tantalum-Niobium waxaa ka mid ah walxaha ceeriin (tantalum ore), alaabada hydrometallurgical (tantalum oxide, niobium oxide iyo potassium fluotantalate), alaabada pyrometallurgical (budada tantalum iyo siligga tantalum), alaabada la warshadeeyay (tantalum capacitor, iwm.), alaabada terminalka iyo codsiyada hoose (saldhigyada saldhigga 5G, garoonka hawada sare, alaabada elektarooniga ah ee heerka sare ah, iwm.). Maadaama dhammaan alaabada birta kuleylka laga soo saaro alaabada hydrometallurgical, alaabada hydrometallurgical sidoo kale si toos ah loogu isticmaali karo in lagu soo saaro qayb ka mid ah alaabada la warshadeeyay ama alaabada terminalka, alaabada hydrometallurgical waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan warshadaha birta tantalum-niobium.
Tantalum-niobium p ee hoos u dhacaSuuqa wax soo saarka ayaa la filayaa inuu koro, sida lagu sheegay warbixin uu soo saaray Zha Consulting. Wax soo saarka budada tantalum ee caalamiga ah ayaa la filayaa inuu ka kordho qiyaastii 1,456.3 tan sanadka 2018 ilaa qiyaastii 1,826.2 tan sanadka 2023. Gaar ahaan, wax soo saarka budada tantalum ee heerka birta ee suuqa adduunka ayaa la filayaa inuu ka kordho qiyaastii 837.1 tan sanadka 2018 ilaa qiyaastii 1,126.1 tan sanadka 2023 (tusaale ahaan, heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isku-dhafka ah oo qiyaastii ah 6.1%). Dhanka kale, wax soo saarka baarka tantalum ee Shiinaha ayaa la filayaa inuu ka kordho qiyaastii 221.6 tan sanadka 2018 ilaa qiyaastii 337.6 tan sanadka 2023 (tusaale ahaan, heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isku-dhafka ah oo qiyaastii ah 8.8%), sida lagu sheegay warbixin uu soo saaray Jolson Consulting. Si loo daboolo baahiyaha macaamiisheeda mustaqbalka, shirkaddu waxay ku sheegtay warbixinteeda hordhaca ah in qiyaastii 68.8 boqolkiiba lacagaha la ururiyo loo isticmaali doono in lagu ballaariyo wax soo saarka alaabada hoos u dhaca, sida budada tantalum iyo baararka, si loo ballaariyo saldhigga macaamiisha, loo qabto fursado ganacsi oo badan loona kordhiyo saamiga suuqa.
Dhismaha kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ee warshadaha 5G ayaa wali ku jira marxaladdii hore. 5G waxaa lagu gartaa soo noqnoqoshada sare iyo cufnaanta sare. Iyada oo la tixgelinayo kala duwanaansho siman oo wax ku ool ah, baahida loo qabo saldhigyada saldhigyada ayaa aad uga sarreysa xilligii isgaarsiinta ee hore. Sannadkan waa sannadkii dhismaha kaabayaasha 5G. Iyada oo la dardargelinayo dhismaha 5G, baahida codsiga ee alaabada elektaroonigga ah ee heerka sare ah ayaa sii kordheysa, taas oo horseedaysa baahida loo qabo in capacitors-ka tantalum-ka ay sii ahaadaan kuwo xooggan.