Iziseko ezitsha ze-5G ziqhuba uthotho lweShishini leTantalum
I-5G ifaka amandla amatsha kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina, kwaye iziseko ezintsha zikwakhokelele isantya sokwakhiwa kwezindlu zasekhaya kwixesha elikhawulezayo.
UMphathiswa wezoShishino noLwazi waseTshayina utyhile ngoMeyi ukuba eli lizwe longeza izikhululo ezintsha ze-5G ezingaphezu kwe-10,000 ngeveki. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zasekhaya ze-5G eTshayina kudlule uphawu lwama-200,000 xa luphelele, kunye neefowuni ze-5G zasekhaya ezili-17.51 lezigidi ezithunyelwe ngoJuni kulo nyaka, ezibalelwa kuma-61 ekhulwini eefowuni ezithunyelwayo ngexesha elifanayo. Njenge "yokuqala" kunye "nesiseko" seziseko ezintsha, uthotho lweshishini le-5G ngokungathandabuzekiyo luya kuba ngumxholo oshushu ixesha elide elizayo.
Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwezorhwebo lwe-5G, ii-capacitors ze-tantalum zinethuba elibanzi lokusetyenziswa.
Ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu kubushushu bangaphandle kunye notshintsho oluninzi lokusingqongileyo, izitishi zesiseko ze-5G kufuneka zibe nozinzo oluphezulu kakhulu kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Oku kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki kwisitishi sesiseko. Phakathi kwazo, ii-capacitors zizixhobo ze-elektroniki ezibalulekileyo kwizikhululo zesiseko ze-5G. Ii-capacitors zeTantalum zezona capacitors ziphambili.
Ii-capacitor zeTantalum zibonakaliswa bubuninzi obuncinci, ixabiso elincinci le-ESR, ixabiso elikhulu le-capacitance kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu. Ii-capacitor zeTantalum nazo zineempawu zobushushu ezizinzileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza, njl. Okwangoku, zinokuphila ngokwazo emva kokusilela ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lokusebenza ixesha elide. Ke ngoko, kwiimeko ezininzi, luphawu olubalulekileyo lokufumanisa ukuba imveliso ye-elektroniki yimveliso ephezulu okanye akunjalo.
Ngezibonelelo ezinje ngokusebenza kakuhle rhoqo, ubushushu obubanzi bokusebenza, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokulungele ukwenziwa kube lula, ii-capacitors ze-tantalum zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhululo zesiseko ze-5G ezigxininisa "ukwenziwa kube lula, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ne-bandwidth enkulu". Inani lezikhululo zesiseko ze-5G liphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu kune-4G. Okwangoku, ekukhuleni okukhulu kweetshaja ezikhawulezayo zefowuni yeselula, ii-capacitors ze-tantalum ziye zaba zisemgangathweni ngenxa yemveliso ezinzileyo kunye nomthamo onciphileyo nge-75%.
Ngenxa yeempawu zefrequency yokusebenza, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zesicelo, inani lezikhululo zesiseko ze-5G lingaphezulu kwe-4G. Idatha ngokutsho koMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye nokutyhilwa kolwazi, ngenani lezikhululo zesiseko ze-4G kulo lonke ilizwe ngo-2019 ukuya kwi-5.44 yezigidi, ngoko ke ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-5G ukufezekisa iimfuno ezifanayo zokugubungela, okanye imfuneko yezikhululo zesiseko ze-5 g, kulindeleke ukuba i-1000 ~ 20 yezigidi ikhule ukususela ngoku, ukuba ufuna ukufikelela kwi-5G ngokubanzi, kufuneka usebenzise izixa ezikhulu ze-tantalum capacitor, ngokutsho kwengxelo yemarike, isikali semarike ye-tantalum capacitor siya kufikelela kwi-7.02 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2020, ikamva liya kuqhubeka nokukhula ngokukhawuleza.
Kwangaxeshanye, ngophuhliso oluthe ngcembe lwezithuthi zombane, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, i-AI, izixhobo ezinokunxitywa, iiseva zelifu, kwaneemarike zezixhobo zombane ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza ezisebenzisa iifowuni ezihlakaniphileyo, izixhobo zokusebenza okuphezulu ziyavela, kwaye iimfuno ezingaphezulu ziya kubekwa kwii-capacitors eziphezulu, ezizezi ii-capacitors ze-tantalum. Iintloko zokutshaja ze-iPhone kunye neethebhulethi ze-Apple, umzekelo, zisebenzisa ii-capacitors ezimbini ze-tantalum ezisebenzayo njengezihluzi zokukhupha. Ii-capacitors ze-Tantalum zifihla imakethi yeebhiliyoni ezilishumi ngobuninzi nangobukhulu, nto leyo eya kudala amathuba ophuhliso kumashishini anxulumene nawo.
Ukongeza, ii-capacitors zikwasetyenziswa kwizixhobo zeenqwelo-moyaEzinye izinto. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo "zokuziphilisa", i-tantalum capacitor ethandwa yimarike yomkhosi, i-SMT SMD tantalum capacitor enkulu, i-tantalum capacitor exutywe ngamandla aphezulu esetyenziswa ekugcineni amandla, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kweemveliso ze-tantalum shell encapsulation capacitor, ezifanelekileyo kwisekethe enkulu ehambelanayo esebenzisa i-polymer tantalum capacitor, njl.njl., ihlangabezana kakhulu neemfuno zemarike yomkhosi.
Imfuno ephezulu yee-tantalum capacitors ikhokelele ekwandeni kokunqongophala kwesitokhwe, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukukhula kwemarike yezinto eziluhlaza eziphezulu.
Amaxabiso eTantalum anyukile kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2020. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokuqhambuka kwe-coVID-19 ekuqaleni konyaka, umthamo wemigodi yehlabathi wawungekho phezulu njengoko bekulindelwe. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yemida ethile yezothutho, ukunikezelwa kwayo kuncinci. Kwelinye icala, ii-capacitors zeTantalum zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane, imfuno yeemveliso ze-elektroniki yanda, nto leyo ekhokelele ekwandeni kwee-capacitors zeTantalum. Njengoko ii-capacitors zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswa yiTantalum, i-40-50% yemveliso yeTantalum ehlabathini isetyenziswa kwii-capacitors zeTantalum, nto leyo enyusa imfuno yeTantalum kwaye inyusa ixabiso.
I-tantalum oxideI-tantalum capacitor iphezulu, uthotho lwemveliso lwe-tantalum capacitor ngaphambili kwezinto ezikrwada, i-oxidation tantalum kunye ne-niobium oxide kwimarike yaseTshayina ikhula ngokukhawuleza, imveliso yonyaka ka-2018 ifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-590 kunye neetoni ezingama-2250 ngokulandelanayo, phakathi kowama-2014 nowama-2018 izinga lokukhula kwe-compound yonyaka liyi-20.5% kunye ne-13.6% ngokulandelanayo, ubungakanani bemarike ngo-2023 kulindeleke ukuba bube ziitoni ezingama-851.9 kunye neetoni ezingama-3248.9, ngokulandelanayo, izinga lokukhula kwe-compound ngonyaka liyi-7.6%, indawo iyonke yeshishini ikhula isempilweni.
Njengoko inkqubo yokuqala yeminyaka elishumi karhulumente waseTshayina yokuphumeza icebo lokwenza iTshayina ibe ligunya lokuvelisa, eyenziwe eTshayina ngo-2025 icebisa uphuhliso lwamashishini amabini asisiseko, elishishini lobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwesizukulwana esitsha kunye neshishini lezinto ezintsha. Phakathi kwawo, ishishini lezinto ezintsha kufuneka lizame ukugqobhoza iqela lezinto eziphambili ezisisiseko, ezifana nezixhobo zesinyithi nesinyithi eziphambili kunye nezixhobo zepetrochemical, ezifuneka ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo eziphambili zesicelo, eziya kuzisa namathuba amatsha ophuhliso lweshishini le-tantalum-niobium metallurgy.
Ikhonkco lexabiso leshishini le-tantalum-Niobium metallurgy liquka izinto eziluhlaza (i-tantalum ore), iimveliso ze-hydrometallurgical (i-tantalum oxide, i-niobium oxide kunye ne-potassium fluotantalate), iimveliso ze-pyrometallurgical (i-tantalum powder kunye ne-tantalum wire), iimveliso ezicutshungulweyo (i-tantalum capacitor, njl.njl.), iimveliso zesiphelo kunye nezicelo ezisezantsi (izikhululo zesiseko ze-5G, intsimi yeenqwelo-moya, iimveliso ze-elektroniki eziphezulu, njl.njl.). Ekubeni zonke iimveliso ze-thermal metallurgical ziveliswa kwiimveliso ze-hydrometallurgical, kwaye iimveliso ze-hydrometallurgical nazo zingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukuvelisa inxalenye yeemveliso ezicutshungulweyo okanye iimveliso zesiphelo, iimveliso ze-hydrometallurgical zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino lwe-tantalum-niobium metallurgical.
I-tantalum-niobium p esezantsiImarike yemveliso kulindeleke ukuba ikhule, ngokwengxelo yeZha Consulting. Imveliso yepowder ye-tantalum yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ukusuka kwiitoni ezimalunga ne-1,456.3 ngo-2018 ukuya kwiitoni ezimalunga ne-1,826.2 ngo-2023. Ngokukodwa, imveliso yepowder ye-tantalum yodidi lwesinyithi kwimarike yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ukusuka kwiitoni ezimalunga ne-837.1 ngo-2018 ukuya kwiitoni ezimalunga ne-1,126.1 ngo-2023 (oko kukuthi, izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo elimalunga ne-6.1%). Okwangoku, imveliso ye-tantalum bar yaseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ukusuka kwiitoni ezimalunga ne-221.6 ngo-2018 ukuya kwiitoni ezimalunga ne-337.6 ngo-2023 (oko kukuthi, izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo elimalunga ne-8.8%), ngokwengxelo yeJolson Consulting. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zabathengi bayo abanokubakho, le nkampani ithe kwiprospektha yayo ukuba malunga ne-68.8 yepesenti yemali eqokelelweyo iza kusetyenziselwa ukwandisa imveliso yeemveliso ezisezantsi, ezifana ne-tantalum powder kunye neebhari, ukuze kwandiswe isiseko sayo sabathengi, kuthathwe amathuba amaninzi oshishino kwaye kwandiswe isabelo semarike.
Ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso phantsi koshishino lwe-5G kusekwinqanaba lokuqala. I-5G ibonakaliswa yi-frequency ephezulu kunye noxinano oluphezulu. Phantsi kwengcamango yoluhlu olusebenzayo olulinganayo, imfuno yezikhululo zesiseko iphezulu kakhulu kunakwixesha elidlulileyo lonxibelelwano. Lo nyaka ngunyaka wokwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso ze-5G. Ngokukhawuleziswa kokwakhiwa kwe-5G, imfuno yokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-elektroniki eziphezulu iyanda, nto leyo eqhuba imfuno yee-capacitors ze-tantalum ukuba zihlale ziqinile.