ʻOkika Thulium
ʻOkika ThuliumNā Waiwai
| ʻŌlelo like | thulium (III) oxide, thulium sesquioxide |
| Helu Kūʻai. | 12036-44-1 |
| ʻO ke ʻano kemika | Tm2O3 |
| Ka nuipa molar | 385.866g/mol |
| helehelena | nā kristal cubic ʻōmaʻomaʻo-keʻokeʻo |
| Ka nui o ka paʻa | 8.6g/cm3 |
| Kiko heheʻe | 2,341°C(4,246°F;2,614K) |
| Kikowaena paila | 3,945°C(7,133°F;4,218K) |
| Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana i ka wai | hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i loko o nā waikawa |
| Ka hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka makeneka (χ) | +51,444·10−6cm3/mol |
Maʻemaʻe KiʻekiʻeʻOkika ThuliumNā kikoʻī
| Ka nui o ka ʻāpana (D50) | 2.99 μm |
| Maʻemaʻe (Tm2O3) | ≧99.99% |
| TREO (Nā ʻOkika Honua Kakaikahi Huina) | ≧99.5% |
| Nā mea i hoʻohaumia hou ʻia | ppm | Nā mea haumia ʻole REEs | ppm |
| La2O3 | 2 | Fe2O3 | 22 |
| CeO2 | <1 | SiO2 | 25 |
| Pr6O11 | <1 | CaO | 37 |
| Nd2O3 | 2 | PbO | Nd |
| Sm2O3 | <1 | CL¯ | 860 |
| Eu2O3 | <1 | LOI | 0.56% |
| Gd2O3 | <1 | ||
| Tb4O7 | <1 | ||
| Dy2O3 | <1 | ||
| Ho2O3 | <1 | ||
| Er2O3 | 9 | ||
| Yb2O3 | 51 | ||
| Lu2O3 | 2 | ||
| Y2O3 | <1 |
【Pahu ʻana】25KG/ʻeke Nā Pono: pale i ka makū, ʻaʻohe lepo, maloʻo, ea a maʻemaʻe.
He aha ka mea e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka Thulium(III) Oxide (Tm₂O₃) Powder?
Tulium(III) Oxide (Tm₂O₃)He hui honua kakaikahi maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ka pauka i mahalo ʻia no kona mau waiwai photonic, nuclear, a me catalytic kū hoʻokahi. Ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi o nā oxides lanthanide kakaikahi loa, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana holomua ma nā ʻano like ʻole:
1. ʻEnekinia Photonics & Optical
- Nā Kamaʻilio Fiber Optic:
✓ Nā Mea Hoʻonui Fiber Co-Doped Erbium-Thulium (EDTFAs)**: He mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka C-band (1530–1565 nm) i ka L-band (1565–1625 nm) i nā ʻōnaehana DWDM, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hiki ke kamaʻilio lōʻihi.
✓ Nā Nanoparticles Upconversion: Nā olonā ZBLAN (ZrF₄-BaF₂-LaF₃-AlF₃-NaF) i hoʻohui ʻia me Tm³⁺ no ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kukui kokoke i ka infrared i ka ʻike ʻia ma ka bioimaging a me ka hoʻomaʻalili laser.
- Nā Lasers Paʻa-Moʻo:
✓ Hoʻohana ikaika ʻia i nā lasers nalu ~2 µm (Tm:YAG, Tm:YLF) no:
- Nā noi lapaʻau (ʻoki kino i kōkua ʻia e lidar, ablation pōhaku puʻupaʻa)
- ʻIke lewa (ʻike ʻana i ka mahu wai ma o ka lidar absorption ʻokoʻa)
2. Hana ʻana i nā mea holomua
- ʻEnekinia seramika:
✓ Dopant no ka zirconia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e yttria (YSZ) e hoʻoikaika i ka paʻakikī o ka haki ʻana i nā uhi pale wela (nā ʻenekini jet, nā turbine kinoea).
✓ Mea hoʻopaʻa i loko o nā keramika dielectric kiʻekiʻe-k no nā capacitors multilayer a me nā polokalamu MEMS.
- Nā Aniani Kūikawā:
✓ Hoʻololi i ka helu kuhikuhi refractive i loko o nā aniani chalcogenide no nā optics mid-IR (3–5 µm range).
✓ Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o ka radiation i loko o nā aniani scintillator no nā mea ʻike physics particle.
3. ʻEnehana Nukelea
- Hoʻopili ʻana o ka Neutron:
✓ ʻO ka ʻāpana hopu neutron wela kiʻekiʻe (σ = 105 mau hale papaʻa) e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o:
- Nā koʻokoʻo hoʻomalu no nā mea hana wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (PWRs)
- Nā mea hoʻohuihui pale radiation (nā hybrids Tm₂O₃-B₄C-epoxy)
- Hana ʻana i ka Radioisotope:
✓ Precursor no ka neutron-activated ¹⁷⁰Tm (t₁/₂ = 128.6 lā), i hoʻohana ʻia ma:
- Nā kumu X-ray liʻiliʻi no ka radiography lapaʻau/ʻoihana lawe lima
- Nā kūlana hoʻoponopono no ka spectroscopy gamma
4. Nā ʻenehana Biomedical
- Nā Biosensors Nanostructured:
✓ Nā nanoparticles pūpū koʻikoʻi Tm₂O₃@SiO₂ no:
- ka palapala ʻāina microenvironment tumor pane pH
- Ka ʻike ʻana i nā biomarkers i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka luminescence i ka manawa (e hōʻemi ana i ka autofluorescence)
- Hoʻonui ʻana i ka Radiotherapy:
✓ Nā nanoscintillators i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e X-ray no ka hoʻōla photodynamic ʻiʻo hohonu (PDT) me ka pololei subcellular.
5. Nā Noi Quantum a me nā Mea Uila
- Hoʻomanaʻo Quantum:
✓ Nā kristal i hoʻopili ʻia me Tm³⁺ (e laʻa, Tm:YGG) no ka mālama ʻana i ka quantum optical ma o nā protocols atomic frequency comb.
- Hoʻouluulu:
✓ Hoʻoulu i ka ʻokikene hapa methane i nā ʻōnaehana puhi ʻana o ka loop kemika (CLC).
✓ Hana i hoʻonui ʻia i ka hydrogenation CO₂ i ka methanol ma o nā nanocomposites Tm₂O₃/CeO₂.
6. Nā Palena e Kū mai ana
- Ka Waihona ʻIkepili ʻAno Kiʻekiʻe Loa:
✓ Nā ʻili lahilahi Photochromic Tm₂O₃ no ka hoʻopili ʻikepili optical 5D (polarization/wavelength multiplexing).
- ʻenehana lewa:
✓ Nā uhi pale i ka radiation no nā mea uila ukali (Nā nanolaminates Tm₂O₃-Al₂O₃).
Nā Waiwai Koʻikoʻi e Hoʻokele ana i ka Hana Hou:
- Nā hoʻololi uila 4f-4f kūikawā (hoʻokuʻu ʻana o 450–800 nm)
- Ke kūpaʻa wela a hiki i 2300°C (i nā lewa inert)
- Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano paramagnetic i nā polokalamu spintronic
ʻŌlelo Palekana: Pono ka lawelawe ʻana i loko o ka pahu mīkina lima no nā pauka nanoscale; ʻaʻole radioactive ka Tm kūlohelohe, akā koi nā ʻano i hoʻāla ʻia e ka neutron i ka mālama ʻana iā NRC.
Hoʻopili kēia mea hoʻolālā i nā optics kuʻuna a me nā ʻenehana quantum, me ka ulu ʻana o ke koi i nā kamaʻilio hanauna hou, nā ʻōnaehana ikehu maʻemaʻe, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau pololei. Ke noiʻi nei ka noiʻi e hoʻomau nei i kona kuleana i nā insulators topological a me ka hoʻomaʻalili paʻa.
