Thulium Oxide
Thulium OxideZvivakwa
| Zita rinoenderana | thulium (III) oxide, thulium sesquioxide |
| Nhamba yeCas | 12036-44-1 |
| Fomura yemakemikari | Tm2O3 |
| Molar mass | 385.866g/mol |
| Chitarisiko | makristaro egirini-machena ecubic |
| Kuwanda kwevanhu | 8.6g/cm3 |
| Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka | 2,341°C(4,246°F;2,614K) |
| Pokufashaira | 3,945°C(7,133°F;4,218K) |
| Kunyungudika mumvura | inonyungudika zvishoma muasidhi |
| Kugona kwemagnetic (χ) | +51,444·10−6cm3/mol |
Kuchena KwakakwiriraThulium OxideTsanangudzo
| Saizi yeChidimbu (D50) | 2.99 μm |
| Kuchena (Tm2O3) | ≧99.99% |
| TREO (TotalRareEarthOxides) | ≧99.5% |
| REImpuritiesZviri Mukati | ppm | Zvisina Kuchena | ppm |
| La2O3 | 2 | Fe2O3 | 22 |
| CeO2 | <1 | SiO2 | 25 |
| Pr6O11 | <1 | CaO | 37 |
| Nd2O3 | 2 | PbO | Nd |
| Sm2O3 | <1 | CL¯ | 860 |
| Eu2O3 | <1 | LOI | 0.56% |
| Gd2O3 | <1 | ||
| Tb4O7 | <1 | ||
| Dy2O3 | <1 | ||
| Ho2O3 | <1 | ||
| Er2O3 | 9 | ||
| Yb2O3 | 51 | ||
| Lu2O3 | 2 | ||
| Y2O3 | <1 |
【Kurongedza】25KG/bhegi Zvinodiwa: haipindi hunyoro, haina guruva, yakaoma, inofefetedza mweya uye yakachena.
Upfu hweThulium(III) Oxide (Tm₂O₃) hunoshandiswa pai?
Thulium(III) Oxide (Tm₂O₃)Upfu imhando ye rare earth compound yakachena zvikuru, inokosheswa nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwe photonic, nuclear, uye catalytic. Seimwe ye lanthanide oxides dzisinganyanyi kushaikwa, inogonesa matekinoroji epamusoro-soro muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana:
1. Photonics & Optical Engineering
- Kutaurirana kweFiber Optic:
✓ Erbium-Thulium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDTFAs)**: Zvakakosha pakuwedzera C-band (1530–1565 nm) kusvika kuL-band (1565–1625 nm) amplification mumasisitimu eDWDM, zvichiwedzera kugona kwekutaurirana kwenguva refu.
✓ Upconversion Nanoparticles: Tm³⁺-doped ZBLAN (ZrF₄-BaF₂-LaF₃-AlF₃-NaF) fibers dzekushandura chiedza chiri pedyo neinfrared kuenda kuchinoonekwa mu bioimaging uye laser cooling.
- MaLaser Akasimba:
✓ Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muma lasers e ~2 µm wavelength (Tm:YAG, Tm:YLF) kune:
- Kushandiswa kwemishonga (kuvhiyiwa nekubatsira kwe lidar, kubviswa kwematombo muitsvo)
- Kunzwa kwemhepo (kuona utsi hwemvura kuburikidza ne differential absorption lidar)
2. Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Zvepamusoro
- Uinjiniya hweCeramic:
✓ Inobatsira pakugadzira zirconia (YSZ) inosimbisa kusimba kwetsinga dzemudenga (thermal barrier coatings) (mainjini ejeti, maturbine egasi).
✓ Stabilizer mu ceramics dze dielectric dzine high-k dze multilayer capacitors neMEMS devices.
- Magirazi Akakosha:
✓ Inogadzirisa refractive index mumagirazi echalcogenide kune mid-IR optics (3–5 µm range).
✓ Inowedzera kuomarara kwemwaranzi mumagirazi escintillator ekuona fizikisi yezvikamu.
3. Tekinoroji yeNyukireya
- Kutorwa kweNeutron:
✓ Chikamu chekubata neutron chinodziya zvakanyanya (σ = 105 barns) chinoita kuti chishandiswe mu:
- Matavi ekudzora emagetsi emvura ane pressurized (PWRs)
- Zvinhu zvinodzivirira mwaranzi (Tm₂O₃-B₄C-epoxy hybrids)
- Kugadzirwa kweRadioisotope:
✓ Chinotangira ¹⁷⁰Tm chinoshandiswa neutron (t₁/₂ = mazuva 128.6), chinoshandiswa mu:
- Makomputa eX-ray akakwana ekurapa/maindasitiri eX-ray anotakurika
- Maitiro ekugadzirisa gamma spectroscopy
4. Tekinoroji dzezvekurapa
- Zvishandiso zveBio zvakagadziriswa zvishoma:
✓ Tm₂O₃@SiO₂ nanoparticles dze core-shell dze:
- Kugadzira mapu enzvimbo inokonzeresa tumor inoenderana nepH
- Kuonekwa kwezviratidzo zvechiedza panguva yakatarwa (kuderedza autofluorescence)
- Kuvandudzwa kweRadiotherapy:
✓ Nanoscintillators dzinobva kuX-ray dzinoshandiswa pakurapa ne photodynamic therapy (PDT) dzakadzika-tishu dzine magadzirirwo akajeka pasi pemasero.
5. Mashandisirwo eQuantum neElectronic
- Ndangariro yeQuantum:
✓ Makristasi ane Tm³⁺-doped (semuenzaniso, Tm:YGG) ekuchengetedza quantum ye optical kuburikidza neatomic frequency comb protocols.
- Kugadzirisa:
✓ Inokurudzira methane partial oxidation muma chemical looping combustion systems (CLC).
✓ Kuwedzerwa kwekushanda muCO₂ hydrogenation kuita methanol kuburikidza neTm₂O₃/CeO₂ nanocomposites.
6. Miganhu Iri Kubuda
- Kuchengetedzwa kweData Rakawanda Zvikuru:
✓ Mafirimu matete ePhotochromic Tm₂O₃ e5D optical data encoding (polarization/wavelength multiplexing).
- Tekinoroji yeMuchadenga:
✓ Machira anodzivirira mwaranzi emagetsi esatellite (Tm₂O₃-Al₂O₃ nanolaminates).
Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinotungamira Kuvandudzwa:
- Kuchinja kwemagetsi kwe4f-4f kunoshamisa (450–800 nm emission)
- Kugadzikana kwekupisa kusvika 2300°C (mumhepo isina kusimba)
- Maitiro eparamagnetic anogona kushandiswa mumidziyo ye spintronic
Chenjedzo Yekuchengetedza: Inoda kubatwa kwebhokisi remagirovhosi ehupfu hwenanoscale; Tm inowanikwa zvakasikwa haina radioactive, asi mafomu anoshandiswa neutron anoda kutevedzera NRC.
Zvinhu izvi zvine chekuita nehunyanzvi zvinobatanidza tekinoroji yekare ye optics uye quantum, zvichiwedzera kudiwa kwemafoni echizvarwa chinotevera, masisitimu esimba rakachena, uye mushonga wekugadzirira. Ongororo iri kuenderera mberi inoongorora basa rayo muzvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakatipoteredza uye mufiriji yakasimba.
