Thulium Oxide
Thulium OxideKatundu
| Dzina lofanana | thulium (III) okusayidi, thulium sesquioxide |
| Nambala ya Cas | 12036-44-1 |
| Fomula ya mankhwala | Tm2O3 |
| Molar mass | 385.866g/mol |
| Maonekedwe | makristalo a cubic oyera-obiriwira |
| Kuchulukana | 8.6g/cm3 |
| Malo osungunuka | 2,341°C(4,246°F;2,614K) |
| Malo otentha | 3,945°C(7,133°F;4,218K) |
| Kusungunuka m'madzi | kusungunuka pang'ono mu asidi |
| Kuthekera kwa maginito (χ) | +51,444·10−6cm3/mol |
Kuyera KwambiriThulium OxideKufotokozera
| Kukula kwa Tinthu (D50) | 2.99 μm |
| Chiyero (Tm2O3) | ≧99.99% |
| TREO (TotalRareEarthOxides) | ≧99.5% |
| Zokhudza REImpurities | ppm | Zosayera Zosayera | ppm |
| La2O3 | 2 | Fe2O3 | 22 |
| CEO2 | <1 | SiO2 | 25 |
| Pr6O11 | <1 | CaO | 37 |
| Nd2O3 | 2 | PbO | Nd |
| Sm2O3 | <1 | CL¯ | 860 |
| Eu2O3 | <1 | LOI | 0.56% |
| Gd2O3 | <1 | ||
| Tb4O7 | <1 | ||
| Dy2O3 | <1 | ||
| Ho2O3 | <1 | ||
| Er2O3 | 9 | ||
| Yb2O3 | 51 | ||
| Lu2O3 | 2 | ||
| Y2O3 | <1 |
【Kupaka】25KG/thumba Zofunikira: sizimanyowa, sizimauma, sizimapuma mpweya komanso sizimaphwanyika.
Kodi ufa wa Thulium(III) Oxide (Tm₂O₃) umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani?
Thulium(III) Oxide (Tm₂O₃)Ufa ndi chinthu choyera kwambiri cha rare earth chomwe chimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera za photonic, nuclear, komanso catalytic. Popeza ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zochepa kwambiri za lanthanide oxides, chimalola ukadaulo wapamwamba m'magawo osiyanasiyana:
1. Uinjiniya wa Zithunzi ndi Maso
- Kulumikizana kwa Fiber Optic:
✓ Erbium-Thulium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDTFAs)**: Chofunika kwambiri pakukulitsa C-band (1530–1565 nm) ku L-band (1565–1625 nm) mu machitidwe a DWDM, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yolumikizirana yakutali.
✓ Upconversion Nanoparticles: Ulusi wa Tm³⁺-doped ZBLAN (ZrF₄-BaF₂-LaF₃-AlF₃-NaF) wothandiza kusintha kuwala kwa infrared kukhala kowoneka bwino mu bioimaging ndi kuzizira kwa laser.
- Ma Laser Olimba:
✓ Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma laser a wavelength a ~2 µm (Tm:YAG, Tm:YLF) pa:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (opaleshoni yothandizidwa ndi lidar, kuchotsa miyala mu impso)
- Kuzindikira mpweya (kuzindikira nthunzi ya madzi kudzera mu differential absorption lidar)
2. Kupanga Zinthu Zapamwamba
- Uinjiniya wa Zitsulo:
✓ Dopant ya yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) kuti iwonjezere kulimba kwa kusweka kwa zophimba zoteteza kutentha (mainjini a jet, ma turbine a gasi).
✓ Chokhazikika mu ma ceramics a dielectric okwera kwambiri a ma capacitor ambiri ndi zida za MEMS.
- Magalasi Apadera:
✓ Amasintha refractive index mu magalasi a chalcogenide pa ma mid-IR optics (3–5 µm range).
✓ Zimawonjezera kuuma kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa m'magalasi a scintillator kuti zizindikire tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fizikisi.
3. Ukadaulo wa Nyukiliya
- Kuyamwa kwa nyutroni:
✓ Kutenga kwa neutron kotentha kwambiri (σ = 105 barns) kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito mu:
- Ndodo zowongolera ma reactor amadzi opanikizika (PWRs)
- Zosakaniza zoteteza kuwala (Tm₂O₃-B₄C-epoxy hybrids)
- Kupanga kwa Radioisotope:
✓ Choyambira cha ¹⁷⁰Tm chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi neutron (t₁/₂ = masiku 128.6), chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu:
- Magwero ang'onoang'ono a X-ray a radiography yonyamulika yachipatala/yamafakitale
- Miyezo yoyezera ma calibration a gamma spectroscopy
4. Ukadaulo wa Zamankhwala
- Zosensa Zachilengedwe Zopangidwa Ndi Nanostructured:
✓ Tm₂O₃@SiO₂ tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta core-shell to:
- Kujambula malo ozungulira malo ozungulira chotupa omwe amayankha pH
- Kuzindikira kuwala kwa biomarkers komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi nthawi (kuchepetsa kuwala kwa autofluorescence)
- Kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo cha radiotherapy:
✓ Ma nanoscintillator opangidwa ndi X-ray a chithandizo cha photodynamic cha minofu yozama (PDT) ndi kulondola kwa subcellular.
5. Mapulogalamu a Quantum ndi Electronic
- Chikumbutso cha Quantum:
✓ Makristalo okhala ndi Tm³⁺ (monga, Tm:YGG) osungira ma quantum kudzera mu ma protocol a atomic frequency comb.
- Kukonza:
✓ Imalimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa methane pang'ono mu makina oyaka a chemical looping (CLC).
✓ Kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito mu CO₂ hydrogenation ku methanol kudzera mu Tm₂O₃/CeO₂ nanocomposites.
6. Malire Omwe Akubwera
- Kusungirako Deta Kwambiri Kwambiri:
✓ Makanema owonda a Photochromic Tm₂O₃ ogwiritsira ntchito encoding ya data ya 5D optical (polarization/wavelength multiplexing).
- Ukadaulo wa Zamlengalenga:
✓ Zophimba zosagwira kuwala kwa dzuwa zamagetsi a satellite (Tm₂O₃-Al₂O₃ nanolaminates).
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Zoyambitsa Zatsopano:
- Kusintha kwapadera kwamagetsi kwa 4f-4f (kutulutsa kwa 450–800 nm)
- Kukhazikika kwa kutentha mpaka 2300°C (mumlengalenga wopanda mpweya)
- Khalidwe la paramagnetic lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu zipangizo za spintronic
Chidziwitso cha Chitetezo: Pamafunika kusamalidwa ndi bokosi la magolovesi pa ufa wa nanoscale; Tm yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe siimayambitsa ma radiation, koma mitundu yoyambitsidwa ndi neutron imafuna kutsatira NRC.
Zinthu zamakonozi zimagwirizanitsa njira zamakono zowunikira ndi ukadaulo wa quantum, zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira pakufunika kwa njira zolumikizirana zamtundu watsopano, njira zamagetsi zoyera, komanso mankhwala olondola. Kafukufuku wopitilira akufufuza ntchito yake mu zotetezera kutentha ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi.
