Embonini yengilazi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali ensimbi angavamile, amakhemikhali amancane ensimbi, kanye namakhemikhali omhlaba angavamile asetshenziswa njengezithasiselo ezisebenzayo noma iziguquli ukuze kufezwe izakhiwo ezithile ezibonakalayo, ezingokwenyama, noma zamakhemikhali. Ngokusekelwe enanini elikhulu lamacala okusetshenziswa kwamakhasimende, ithimba lobuchwepheshe kanye nelokuthuthukiswa le-UrbanMines Tech. Limited lihlukanise futhi lahlela la makhemikhali ayinhloko alandelayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo:
1. Izinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezingavamile
1.I-Cerium Oxide (CeO₂)
- Inhloso:
- I-Decolorizer: Isusa umbala oluhlaza engilazini (ukungcola kwe-Fe²⁺).
- Ukumuncwa kwe-UV: kusetshenziswa engilazini evikelwe yi-UV (isb. izibuko, ingilazi yokwakha).
- I-ejenti yokupholisha: izinto zokupholisha zengilazi yokukhanya enembile.
2. I-Neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃), i-praseodymium oxide (Pr₆O₁₁)
- Inhloso:
- Izinto zokufaka imibala: I-Neodymium inikeza ingilazi umbala onsomi (iyahlukahluka kuye ngomthombo wokukhanya), kanti i-praseodymium ikhiqiza umbala oluhlaza noma ophuzi, ovame ukusetshenziswa engilazini yobuciko kanye nasezihlungini.
3. I-Eu₂O₃, i-Terbium oxide (Tb₄O₇)
- Inhloso:
- Izakhiwo ze-Fluorescent: ezisetshenziselwa ingilazi ye-fluorescent (njengezikrini zokuqinisa i-X-ray, kanye namadivayisi okubonisa).
4. I-Lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), i-yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃)
- Inhloso:
- Ingilazi enenkomba ephezulu yokugqama: Khulisa inkomba yokugqama yengilazi yokukhanya (njengelensi yekhamera, nama-microscope).
- Ingilazi emelana nokushisa okuphezulu: Ukumelana nokushisa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali (i-labware, imicu ye-optical).
2. Izinhlanganisela Zensimbi Ezingavamile
Izinsimbi ezingavamile zivame ukusetshenziswa engilazini ukuze kusetshenziswe izembozo ezikhethekile noma kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza:
1. I-Indidium Tin Oxide (ITO, In₂O₃-SnO₂)
- Inhloso:
- Isembozo esihambisa umoya: Ifilimu ehambisa umoya ecacile esetshenziselwa izikrini zokuthinta kanye nezibonisi zekristalu eliwuketshezi (ama-LCD).
2. I-Germanium oxide (GeO₂)
- Inhloso:
- Ingilazi Yokudlulisa I-Infrared: Isetshenziswa kuma-photomers asebenzisa ukushisa, kanye namadivayisi e-infrared optical.
- I-fiber ephezulu yokukhomba ukugqama: Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokuxhumana kwe-fiber ye-optical.
3. I-Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃)
- Inhloso:
- Ukumuncwa kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: kusetshenziswa ezihlungini noma ezingilazini ezikhethekile zokukhanya.
3. Izinhlanganisela Zensimbi Ezincane
Izinsimbi ezincane zivame ukubhekisela ezinsimbini ezikhiqiza kancane kodwa ezinenani eliphezulu lezimboni, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufaka imibala noma ukulungisa ukusebenza:
1. I-Cobalt oxide (CoO/Co₃O₄)
- Inhloso:
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: osetshenziswa engilazini yobuciko, kanye nezihlungi (njengengilazi yesafire).
2. I-Nickel Oxide (i-NiO2)
- Inhloso:
- Ukupenda okumpunga/okunsomi: Kulungisa umbala wengilazi, futhi kungasetshenziswa nasengilazini yokulawula ukushisa (kumunca ubude be-wavelength ethile).
3. I-Selenium (Se) kanye ne-selenium oxide (SeO₂)
- Inhloso:
- Umbala obomvu: Ingilazi ye-ruby (ehlanganiswe ne-cadmium sulfide).
- I-Decolorizer: Iqeda umbala oluhlaza obangelwa ukungcola kwensimbi.
4. I-Lithium Oxide (Li₂O)
- Inhloso:
- Indawo yokuncibilika ephansi: Thuthukisa ukugeleza kwengilazi okuncibilikisiwe (njengengilazi ekhethekile, ingilazi ebonakalayo).
4. Amanye ama-compounds asebenzayo
1. I-Titanium oxide (TiO₂)
- Inhloso:
- Inkomba ephezulu yokubuka: isetshenziselwa ingilazi ebonakalayo kanye nezingubo zengilazi ezizihlanzayo.
- Ukuvikela nge-UV: Ingilazi yokwakha kanye neyezimoto.
2. I-Vanadium oxide (V₂O₅)
- Inhloso:
- Ingilazi ye-Thermochromic: ilungisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha (ifasitela elihlakaniphile).
**Fingqa**
- Ama-Rare earth compounds alawula ukwenziwa ngcono kwezakhiwo zokukhanya (njengombala, ukukhanya, kanye ne-high refractive index).
- Izinsimbi ezingavamile (njenge-indium, ne-germanium) zisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu (izinto zokuhlanganisa, ingilazi ye-infrared).
- Izinsimbi Ezincane (i-Cobalt, i-Nickel, i-Selenium) zigxila ekulawuleni umbala kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlanganisela kwenza ingilazi ibe nemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene emikhakheni efana nokwakha izakhiwo, izinto zikagesi, ukukhanya, kanye nobuciko.