Muindasitiri yegirazi, mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzisingawanzoonekwi, simbi diki, uye makemikari epasi anoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinowedzerwa kana zvinogadzirisa kuti pave nehunhu hwakasiyana hwemaziso, hwepanyama, kana hwemakemikari. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekushandiswa kwevatengi, timu yehunyanzvi nekugadzira yeUrbanMines Tech. Limited yakaronga uye yakaronga makemikari makuru anotevera nekushandiswa kwawo:
1. Zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvevhu
1.Cerium Oxide (CeO₂)
- Chinangwa:
- Decolorizer: Inobvisa ruvara rwegirini mugirazi (tsvina yeFe²⁺).
- Kunyudzwa kweUV: kunoshandiswa mugirazi rakachengetedzwa neUV (semuenzaniso magirazi, girazi rekuvaka).
- Mushonga wekupolisha: zvinhu zvekupolisha zvegirazi regirazi rekuona zvakanyatsonaka.
2. Neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃), praseodymium oxide (Pr₆O₁₁)
- Chinangwa:
- Zvinodhaya: Neodymium inopa girazi ruvara rwepepuru (inosiyana zvichienderana nekwakabva chiedza), uye praseodymium inogadzira ruvara rwegirini kana yero, runowanzo shandiswa mumagirazi ehunyanzvi nemafirita.
3. Eu₂O₃, Terbium Oxide (Tb₄O₇)
- Chinangwa:
- Hunhu hweFluorescent: hunoshandiswa pagirazi refluorescent (senge maX-ray ekusimbisa magirazi, uye zvishandiso zvekuratidza).
4. Lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃)
- Chinangwa:
- Girazi rine refractive index rakakwirira: Wedzera refractive index yegirazi re optical (senge ma lenzi ekamera, nema microscopes).
- Girazi rinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya: Rinowedzera kusimba kwekupisa uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari (labware, fibers dzemaziso).
2. Zvikamu zveSimbi Zvisingawanzoitiki
Simbi dzisingawanzo shandiswa mugirazi pakugadzira machira akakosha kana kugadzirisa mashandiro:
1. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO, In₂O₃-SnO₂)
- Chinangwa:
- Coating inofambisa mhepo: Firimu rinopinza mhepo rinoonekwa rinoshandiswa pakubata magirazi uye magirazi emvura (LCDs).
2. Germanium oxide (GeO₂)
- Chinangwa:
- Girazi Rinotumira Magirazi Emagetsi: Rinoshandiswa mumifananidzo yekupisa, uye mumidziyo yemagetsi yemagetsi yemagetsi.
- Fiber ine refractive index yakakwira: Inovandudza mashandiro ekutaurirana kwe optical fiber.
3. Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃)
- Chinangwa:
- Kunyudzwa kwechiedza chebhuruu: chinoshandiswa mumafirita kana magirazi chaiwo echiedza.
3. Zvikamu Zvidiki zveSimbi
Simbi diki dzinowanzoreva simbi dzine kugadzirwa kushoma asi dziine kukosha kwakanyanya muindasitiri, idzo dzinowanzoshandiswa pakupenda kana kugadzirisa mashandiro:
1. Cobalt oxide (CoO/Co₃O₄)
- Chinangwa:
- Chinodhaka chebhuruu: chinoshandiswa mumagirazi ehunyanzvi, uye mumafirita (akadai segirazi resafire).
2. Nickel Oxide (NiO2)
- Chinangwa:
- Kudhirowa kweGrey/Purple: Kunogadzirisa ruvara rwegirazi, uye kunogonawo kushandiswa pagirazi rinodzora kupisa (rinotora marefu chaiwo ewavelength).
3. Selenium (Se) uye selenium oxide (SeO₂)
- Chinangwa:
- Ruvara rutsvuku: Girazi reRuby (rakabatanidzwa ne cadmium sulfide).
- Decolorizer: Inoderedza ruvara rwegirini runokonzerwa netsvina yesimbi.
4. Lithium Oxide (Li₂O)
- Chinangwa:
- Nzvimbo yakaderera yekunyunguduka: Wedzera kuyerera kwegirazi rakanyunguduka (senge girazi rakakosha, girazi regirazi).
4. Mamwe makomponi anoshanda
1. Titanium oxide (TiO₂)
- Chinangwa:
- High refractive index: inoshandiswa pakugadzira magirazi egirazi uye magirazi anozvichenesa ega.
- Kudzivirira UV: Magirazi ekuvaka uye emotokari.
2. Vanadium oxide (V₂O₅)
- Chinangwa:
- Girazi reThermochromic: rinogadzirisa kufambiswa kwechiedza sezvo tembiricha ichichinja (smart window).
**Pfupiso**
- Makomponi epasi asingawanzoonekwi ndiwo anonyanya kugadzirisa hunhu hwemaziso (senge ruvara, fluorescence, uye high refractive index).
- Simbi dzisingawanzoonekwi (dzakadai se indium, ne germanium) dzinonyanya kushandiswa muminda yepamusoro-soro (coatings dzinofambisa mvura, girazi re infrared).
- Minor Metals (Cobalt, Nickel, Selenium) inonyanya kutarisisa kudzora mavara uye kuderedza kusvibiswa.
Kushandiswa kwemakemikari aya kunoita kuti girazi rikwanise kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana muminda yakadai sekuvaka, zvemagetsi, zvemaziso, uye zveunyanzvi.