Kwishishini leglasi, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhompawundi zesinyithi ezinqabileyo, iikhompawundi zesinyithi ezincinci, kunye neekhompawundi zomhlaba onqabileyo zisetyenziswa njengezongezo ezisebenzayo okanye izilungisi ukuze kufezekiswe iipropati ezithile zokukhanya, zomzimba, okanye zeekhemikhali. Ngokusekelwe kwinani elikhulu lamatyala okusetyenziswa ngabathengi, iqela lobuchwephesha nophuhliso le-UrbanMines Tech. Limited lihlele kwaye lahlulahlula ezi khompawundi zilandelayo eziphambili kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo:
1. Iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga
1.I-Cerium Oxide (CeO₂)
- Injongo:
- Isusa umbala: Isusa umbala oluhlaza kwiglasi (ukungcola kweFe²⁺).
- Ukufunxwa kwe-UV: kusetyenziswa kwiglasi ekhuselwe yi-UV (umz. iiglasi, iglasi yoyilo).
- Iarhente yokupholisha: izinto zokupholisha zeglasi ecacileyo.
2. I-Neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃), i-praseodymium oxide (Pr₆O₁₁)
- Injongo:
- Izinto ezifaka imibala: I-Neodymium inika iglasi umbala omfusa (iyahluka ngokwemvelaphi yokukhanya), kwaye i-praseodymium ivelisa umbala oluhlaza okanye otyheli, odla ngokusetyenziswa kwiglasi yobugcisa kunye nezihluzi.
3. I-Eu₂O₃, i-Terbium oxide (Tb₄O₇)
- Injongo:
- Iimpawu ze-Fluorescent: ezisetyenziselwa iglasi ye-fluorescent (ezifana nezikrini zokuqinisa i-X-ray, kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa).
4. I-Lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), i-yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃)
- Injongo:
- Iglasi eneenkomba eziphezulu zokurhawuzelela: Yandisa inkomba yokurhawuzelela yeglasi ekhanyayo (njengeelensi zekhamera, kunye neemayikroskopu).
- Iglasi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu: Ukumelana nobushushu okwandisiweyo kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali (i-labware, iifayibha ze-optical).
2. Iikhompawundi zesinyithi ezingaqhelekanga
Iintsimbi ezinqabileyo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiglasi ukuze kusetyenziswe izinto ezikhethekileyo okanye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwazo:
1. I-Indium Tin oxide (ITO, In₂O₃-SnO₂)
- Injongo:
- Ingubo eqhubayo: Ifilimu ehambisayo ecacileyo esetyenziselwa izikrini zokuchukumisa kunye nezibonisi zekristale yolwelo (ii-LCD).
2. I-Germanium oxide (GeO₂)
- Injongo:
- Iglasi yokudlulisa i-Infrared: Isetyenziswa kwimifanekiso ye-thermal, nakwizixhobo ze-infrared optical.
- I-fiber ephezulu ye-refractive index: Iphucula ukusebenza konxibelelwano lwe-optical fiber.
3. I-Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃)
- Injongo:
- Ukufunxwa kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: kusetyenziswa kwiifilitha okanye kwiiglasi ezikhethekileyo ze-optical.
3. Iikhompawundi zesinyithi ezincinci
Iimetali ezincinci zihlala zibhekisa kwiimetali ezinemveliso ephantsi kodwa ixabiso eliphezulu kwimizi-mveliso, ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ekufakeni imibala okanye ekulungiseni ukusebenza:
1. I-Cobalt oxide (CoO/Co₃O₄)
- Injongo:
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: osetyenziswa kwiglasi yobugcisa, kunye nezihluzi (ezifana neglasi yesafire).
2. I-Nickel Oxide (i-NiO2)
- Injongo:
- Umbala ongwevu/omfusa: Ulungisa umbala weglasi, kwaye ungasetyenziselwa iglasi yokulawula ubushushu (ifunxa ubude be-wavelengths ethile).
3. I-Selenium (Se) kunye ne-selenium oxide (SeO₂)
- Injongo:
- Umbala obomvu: Iglasi yeRuby (edityaniswe ne-cadmium sulfide).
- Isusa umbala: Inciphisa umbala oluhlaza obangelwa kukungcola kwesinyithi.
4. I-Lithium Oxide (Li₂O)
- Injongo:
- Iqondo lokunyibilika elisezantsi: Phucula ukunyibilika kweglasi (njengeglasi ekhethekileyo, iglasi ebonakalayo).
4. Ezinye iikhompawundi ezisebenzayo
1. I-titanium oxide (TiO₂)
- Injongo:
- Isalathisi esiphezulu sokuqaqamba: sisetyenziselwa iiglasi ezibonakalayo kunye neengubo zeglasi ezizicocayo.
- Ukhuselo lwe-UV: Iglasi yoyilo kunye neyeemoto.
2. I-Vanadium oxide (V₂O₅)
- Injongo:
- Iglasi yeThermochromic: ilungisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya njengoko ubushushu butshintsha (ifestile ekrelekrele).
**Shwankathela**
- Iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zilawula ukwenziwa ngcono kweempawu ze-optical (ezifana nombala, i-fluorescence, kunye ne-high refractive index).
- Iimetali ezinqabileyo (ezifana ne-indium, kunye ne-germanium) zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu (iingubo zokuqhuba, iglasi ye-infrared).
- IiMinor Metals (iCobalt, iNickel, iSelenium) zigxile ekulawuleni umbala kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto kwenza iglasi ibe nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezifana noyilo lwezakhiwo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, i-optics, kunye nobugcisa.