I-Hafnium Tetrachloride (HfCl₄)yi-compound ye-inorganic enexabiso eliphezulu esetyenziswa kakhulu njengesandulela ekuhlanganisweni kwee-ceramics ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izinto ze-phosphor kwii-diodes ezinamandla aphezulu ezikhupha ukukhanya (ii-LED), kunye nee-catalysts ezahlukeneyo. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ibonisa i-asidi yeLewis egqwesileyo, eyenza isebenze kakhulu kwi-olefin polymerization kunye notshintsho oluhlukeneyo lwezinto eziphilayo. Iqhutywa kukwanda kwezicelo kwimveliso ye-semiconductor, ubunjineli beenqwelo moya, kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki zesizukulwana esilandelayo, imfuno yehlabathi ye-HfCl₄ ibonakalise ukukhula okuzinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso yayo yomgangatho wezoshishino isaqhubeka ifuna ubuchwepheshe—ifuna ulawulo oluqinileyo lwenkqubo, izitya zokutya ezicocekileyo kakhulu, kunye nokuthobela imigaqo eqinileyo yokusingqongileyo, impilo, kunye nokhuseleko (EHS). Ngenxa yendima yayo ebalulekileyo ekuvumeleni izixhobo zokusebenza eziphezulu kunye nee-catalysts ezikhethekileyo, i-HfCl₄ iyaziwa ngakumbi njengezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zesayensi yezinto eziphambili kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali ezintle.
| I-Hafnium, 72Hf | |
| Inkangeleko | Ingwevu yentsimbi |
| Inombolo ye-athomu (Z) | 72 |
| Isigaba kwi-STP | Iqinile |
| Indawo yokunyibilika | 2506 K (2233℃, 4051 ℉) |
| Indawo yokubila | 4876 K (4603 ℃, 8317 ℃) |
| Uxinano (kwi-20℃) | 13.281 g/cm3 |
| Xa ulwelo (kwi-mp) | 12 g/cm3 |
| Ubushushu bokudibana | 27.2 kJ/mol |
| Ubushushu bokufuma | 648 kJ/mol |
| Umthamo wobushushu be-molar | 25.73 J/(mol·K) |
| Umthamo othile wobushushu | 144.154 J/(kg·K) |
Umgangatho weShishini we-5N Purity Grade Hafnium Tetrachloride
| Isimboli | I-Li 7 (ppb) | Yiba 9 (ppb) | Na 23 (ppb) | I-Mg 24 (ppb) | I-Al 27 (ppb) | K 39 (ppb) | I-Ca 40 (ppb) | V 51 (ppb) | I-Cr 52 (ppb) | Mn 55 (ppb) | I-Fe 56 (ppb) | I-Co 59 (ppb) | I-Ni 60 (ppb) | I-Cu 63 (ppb) | I-Zn 66 (ppb) | IGa 69 (ppb) | IGe 74 (ppb) | Ibanga lesi-87 (ppb) |
| UMHT5N | 0.371 | 2.056 | 17.575 | 6.786 | 87.888 | 31.963 | 66.976 | 0.000 | 74.184 | 34.945 | 1413.776 | 21.639 | 216.953 | 2.194 | 20.241 | 12.567 | 8.769 | 3846.227 |
| I-Zr 90 (ppb) | Inqaku 93 (ppb) | I-Mo98 (ppb) | I-Pd106 (ppb) | I-Ag 107 (ppb) | Njengoko i-108 (ppb) | I-CD 111 (ppb) | Kwi-115 (ppb) | Isiqendu 118 (ppb) | Isiqendu 121 (ppb) | I-Ti131 (ppb) | I-Ba 138 (ppb) | W 184 (ppb) | Au -2197 (ppb) | Hg 202 (ppb) | I-Tl 205 (ppb) | I-Pb 208 (ppb) | I-Bi 209 (ppb) |
| 41997.655 | 8.489 | 181.362 | 270.662 | 40.536 | 49.165 | 5.442 | 0.127 | 26.237 | 1.959 | 72.198 | 0.776 | 121.391 | 1707.062 | 68.734 | 0.926 | 14.582 | 36.176 |
Ingxelo: Ezi parameters zingasentla zifunyenwe yi-ICP-MS.
I-Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄) yinto eqinileyo engenambala, ekristale enobunzima bemolekyuli obuyi-320.30 g/mol kunye neNombolo yoBhaliso lweCAS 13499-05-3. Iyanyibilika kwi-320 °C kwaye iphantsi kwe-sublimation malunga ne-317 °C phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-ambient. Le compound i-hygroscopic kakhulu kwaye isabela ngokushushu nangokunamandla xa ifumile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igcinwe phantsi kweemeko zomoya ezingenamanzi (umz. i-argon okanye i-nitrogen) kwizikhongozeli ezivalwe ngokuqinileyo. Ngenxa yokubola kwayo okunamandla, ukudibana ngqo nolusu okanye amehlo kunokubangela ukutsha okukhulu kweekhemikhali. Njengento enobungozi yeClass 8 (UN2509), ukuphathwa kwayo kufuna izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (PPE), kubandakanya iiglavu ezinganyangekiyo ziikhemikhali, iiglasi zokukhusela, kunye nokhuseleko lokuphefumla apho kunokwenzeka khona ukwenziwa kothuli.
Isetyenziselwa ntoni iHafnium Tetrachloride?
I-Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄)yi-compound eguquguqukayo enga-organic, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali, efumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi zobugcisa obuphezulu:
- IiSemiconductors kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki: Isebenza njengomzekelo ophambili wokulungiselela izixhobo ezihlala zisebenza nge-dielectric ephezulu (ezifana ne-hafnium dioxide), ezisetyenziswa kwiileya zokukhusela isango le-transistor ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-chip. Ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ukufaka iifilimu ze-metallic hafnium okanye i-hafnium compound thin, ezisetyenziswa kwii-transistors ezisebenzayo, izixhobo zememori, njl.njl.
- Iiceramics kunye neeAerospace ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu: Zisetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwezinto zeceramic ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, ezibonisa ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ezi ceramics zifanelekile kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu ezifana namacandelo ashushu eenjini zeenqwelo-moya kunye neempumlo zerokhethi. Ukongeza, ingasetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokupakisha ze-LED ezinamandla aphezulu ukuphucula ukusasazwa kobushushu besixhobo kunye nobomi baso bonke.
- I-Catalysis kunye ne-Organic Synthesis: Njenge-catalyst esebenzayo ye-Lewis acid, ikhuthaza iimpendulo ezifana ne-olefin polymerization (umz., njengesandulela se-Ziegler-Natta catalysts), i-esterification ye-alcohols kunye ne-acids, i-acylation, kunye ne-1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, iphucula amazinga okuphendula kunye nokukhetha. Ikwasetyenziswa kwi-fine chemical synthesis yevumba elimnandi kunye namayeza.
- Ishishini leNyukliya: Lisebenzisa uzinzo lwayo oluhle lobushushu kunye neekhemikhali, lisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokupholisa i-reactor yenyukliya kunye nezixhobo zokugquma amafutha enyukliya, liphucula ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuzinza kobushushu.
- Icandelo laMandla: Lisetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza zokudibanisa izinto ze-electrolyte eziqinileyo ezifana ne-lithium hafnium phosphate ekuphuhliseni iibhetri ze-lithium eziqhuba i-ionic ephezulu. Likwasebenza njengomzekelo wezinto ze-cathode ezinomthamo ophezulu kwiibhetri ze-lithium kunye ne-sodium-ion.
- Ukwahlulwa kweZirconium-Hafnium: Ukusebenzisa umahluko phakathi kokuguquguquka phakathi kwe-zirconium tetrachloride kunye ne-hafnium tetrachloride, zinokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo nge-fractional distillation okanye i-gas chromatography. Le yindlela ebalulekileyo yemizi-mveliso yokufumana i-hafnium ecocekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, i-hafnium tetrachloride idlala indima engenakutshintshwa kwi-semiconductors, kwizixhobo eziphambili, kwi-catalysis, kwi-nyukliya, nakwicandelo elitsha lamandla, izimisa njengezinto eziphambili kwimizi-mveliso yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu yanamhlanje.
