Tetrachloride Hafnium (HfCl₄)He matū kore-waro nui te uara e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei matū mua i roto i te hanganga o ngā uku pāmahana-tiketike matatau, ngā rauemi phosphor mō ngā diode rama-whakaputa kaha-tiketike (LED), me ngā whakakorikori kanorau. He mea nui, he tino pai te waikawa Lewis, e tino whai hua ai i roto i te polymerization olefin me ngā panonitanga waro kanorau. Nā te whānui haere o ngā tono i roto i te hanga semiconductor, te hangarau rererangi, me ngā rauemi hiko o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, kua whakaatuhia te tipu tonu o te hiahia o te ao mō te HfCl₄. Heoi, kei te kaha tonu te tono hangarau mō tana whakaputanga tauine ahumahi—e hiahia ana kia tino kaha te whakahaere tukanga, kia tino parakore ngā rauemi whāngai, me te tutuki i ngā ture taiao, hauora, me te haumaru (EHS) pakari. I runga i tana tūranga matua ki te whakahohe i ngā rauemi mahi-tiketike me ngā whakakorikori motuhake, kei te piki haere te mōhiotia o te HfCl₄ hei rauemi mata rautaki mō te pūtaiao rauemi matatau me te hanganga matū pai.
| Hāfiniamu, 72Hf | |
| Āhua | hina maitai |
| Tau ātomi (Z) | 72 |
| Wāhanga i STP | Totoka |
| Te pūwāhi rewa | 2506 K (2233℃, 4051 ℉) |
| Te pūwāhi koropupū | 4876 K (4603 ℃, 8317 ℃) |
| Kiato (i te 20℃) | 13.281 karamu/cm3 |
| Ina wai (i te mp) | 12 karamu/cm3 |
| Te wera o te hanumitanga | 27.2 kJ/mol |
| Te wera o te mimiti | 648 kJ/mol |
| Te kaha o te wera molar | 25.73 J/(mol·K) |
| Te kaha wera motuhake | 144.154 J/(kg·K) |
Paerewa Pakihi o te 5N Parakore Hafnium Tetrachloride
| Tohu | Li 7 (ppb) | Kia 9 (ppb) | Na 23 (ppb) | Mg 24 (ppb) | Al 27 (ppb) | K 39 (ppb) | Ca 40 (ppb) | V 51 (ppb) | Cr 52 (ppb) | Mn 55 (ppb) | Fe 56 (ppb) | Co 59 (ppb) | Ni 60 (ppb) | Cu 63 (ppb) | Zn 66 (ppb) | Ga 69 (ppb) | Ge 74 (ppb) | Sr 87 (ppb) |
| UMHT5N | 0.371 | 2.056 | 17.575 | 6.786 | 87.888 | 31.963 | 66.976 | 0.000 | 74.184 | 34.945 | 1413.776 | 21.639 | 216.953 | 2.194 | 20.241 | 12.567 | 8.769 | 3846.227 |
| Zr 90 (ppb) | Nama 93 (ppb) | Mo98 (ppb) | Pd106 (ppb) | Ag 107 (ppb) | Hei 108 (ppb) | CD 111 (ppb) | I roto i te 115 (ppb) | Sn 118 (ppb) | Sb 121 (ppb) | Ti131 (ppb) | Ba 138 (ppb) | W 184 (ppb) | Au -2197 (ppb) | Hg 202 (ppb) | Tl 205 (ppb) | Pb 208 (ppb) | Bi 209 (ppb) |
| 41997.655 | 8.489 | 181.362 | 270.662 | 40.536 | 49.165 | 5.442 | 0.127 | 26.237 | 1.959 | 72.198 | 0.776 | 121.391 | 1707.062 | 68.734 | 0.926 | 14.582 | 36.176 |
Kōrero: I kitea ngā tawhā o runga ake nei e ICP-MS.
Ko te hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄) he totoka tioata kore tae, he taumaha ngota o te 320.30 g/mol, ā, ko te Nama Rehita CAS 13499-05-3. Ka rewa i te 320 °C, ā, ka whakangawaritia i te 317 °C pea i raro i te pēhanga taiao. He tino waikura te matū, ā, ka tauhohe kaha ki te makuku, me te kaha hoki, e hiahiatia ana te penapena i raro i ngā āhuatanga hau kore wai, kore mahi (hei tauira, te argon, te hauota rānei) i roto i ngā ipu kua hiritia. Nā te kaha o te waikura, ka hua pea he wera matū kino i te pa atu ki te kiri, ki ngā kanohi rānei. Hei matū kino waikura Akomanga 8 (UN2509), me whakamahi ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE) e tika ana, tae atu ki ngā karapu ātete matū, ngā mōhiti kanohi, me te tiaki manawa i ngā wāhi ka taea te whakaputa puehu.
He aha te whakamahinga o te Hafnium Tetrachloride?
Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄)he matū kore-waro maha ngā whakamahinga, nā ōna āhuatanga matū ahurei, ka kitea he tono whānui i roto i ngā mara hangarau teitei maha:
- Ngā Ārahi-ā-hiko me ngā Rauemi Hiko: He matū matua tēnei mō te whakarite i ngā rauemi pumau-kore-hiko teitei (pēnei i te hafnium dioxide), e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā paparanga ārai o te kuaha transistor hei whakarei ake i te mahi maramara. He whānuitia hoki te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tukanga whakatakoto kohu matū (CVD) hei whakatakoto i ngā kiriata angiangi hafnium whakarewa, i ngā kiriata angiangi hafnium rānei, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā transistors mahi-teitei, ngā taputapu mahara, me ētahi atu.
- Ngā Uku Mahana Tino Teitei me te Rererangi: E whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga rauemi uku pāmahana tino teitei, e whakaatu ana i te ātete tino pai ki te pāmahana teitei, te ātete ki te kakahu, me te ātete ki te waikura. He pai ēnei uku mō ngā taiao tino kino pērā i ngā wāhanga wera o te miihini rererangi me ngā pūwero rōkete. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā rauemi takai LED mana-teitei hei whakapai ake i te marara wera o te taputapu me te roa o te ora.
- Te Whakakorikori me te Hanganga Ora: Hei whakakorikori waikawa Lewis whai hua, ka whakatairanga i ngā tauhohenga pēnei i te polymerization olefin (hei tauira, hei matū mua mō ngā whakakorikori Ziegler-Natta), te esterification o ngā waipiro me ngā waikawa, te acylation, me ngā cycloadditions 1,3-dipolar, e whakarei ake ana i ngā tere tauhohenga me te whiriwhiri. Ka whakamahia hoki i roto i te hanga matū pai o ngā kakara me ngā rongoā.
- Ahumahi Karihi: Mā te whakamahi i tōna pumau pai ki te wera me te matū, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamatao tauhohenga karihi me te mea he rauemi paninga mō ngā wahie karihi, hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura me te pumau ki te wera.
- Rāngai Pūngao: Whakamahia hei rauemi mata mō te hanga rauemi electrolyte totoka pērā i te lithium hafnium phosphate hei whakawhanake i ngā pākahiko lithium kawe ionic teitei. He matū hoki mō ngā rauemi cathode kaha-teitei i roto i ngā pākahiko lithium me te konutai-ion.
- Te Wehenga o te Zirconium-Hafnium: Mā te whakamahi i te rerekētanga o te piki me te heke i waenga i te zirconium tetrachloride me te hafnium tetrachloride, ka taea te wehe pai mā te whakatōtō haurua, te chromatography hau rānei. He tikanga ahumahi nui tēnei mō te whiwhi hafnium parakore.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he mahi nui tā te hafnium tetrachloride i roto i ngā rāngai haurua-ā-ira, ngā rauemi matatau, te whakaterenga, te pūngao karihi, me ngā rāngai pūngao hou, ā, ka whakatūria ia hei rauemi mata matua i roto i ngā ahumahi hangarau teitei o ēnei rā.
