Kungani uTrump ebheke iGreenland? Ngale kwendawo yayo ebaluleke kakhulu, lesi siqhingi esiqandisiwe siphethe “izinsiza ezibalulekile.”
2026-01-09 10:35 I-akhawunti Esemthethweni Yezindaba zaseWall Street
Ngokusho kwe-CCTV News, ngoJanuwari 8 ngesikhathi sendawo, uMongameli wase-US uTrump wathi i-United States kumele “ibe ngumnikazi” weGreenland yonke, isitatimende esiphinde saletha iGreenland ekugqanyisweni kwezomnotho.
Ngokusho kombiko wocwaningo wakamuva ovela ku-HSBC, isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni asigcini nje ngokuba nendawo ehlelekile, kodwa futhi siqukethe izinsiza eziningi zezimbiwa ezibalulekile njengezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba.
IGreenland inezindawo zokugcina inhlabathi ezingavamile eziyisishiyagalombili ngobukhulu emhlabeni (cishe ama-metric tons ayizigidi ezingu-1.5), futhi uma kufakwa izindawo zokugcina imvelo ezingaba khona, ingaba yindawo yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni (ama-metric tons ayizigidi ezingu-36.1). Lesi siqhingi sinemithombo yamaminerali ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezingu-29 iKhomishini yaseYurophu ezibhale njengezibalulekile noma ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga ebalulekile ukuthi nakuba iGreenland inezindawo zokugcina umhlaba ezingavamile zesishiyagalombili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, lezi zinsiza kungenzeka zingabi namandla ngokwezomnotho okukhishwa esikhathini esifushane ngamanani amanje kanye nezindleko zokumba. Lesi siqhingi simbozwe yiqhwa ngo-80%, ngaphezu kwengxenye yezinsiza zayo zamaminerali zitholakala enyakatho ye-Arctic Circle, futhi imithetho eqinile yezemvelo igcina izindleko zokukhishwa ziphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iGreenland cishe ngeke ibe umthombo obalulekile wamaminerali abalulekile esikhathini esifushane ngaphandle kokuthi amanani ezimpahla akhuphuke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
I-Geopolitics ibuyisela iGreenland ekukhanyeni, iyinika inani eliphindwe kathathu leqhinga.
Intshisekelo ye-United States eGreenland ayiyona into entsha. Kusukela ngekhulu le-19, i-US yayiphakamise ukuthenga iGreenland. Ngemva kokuba uhulumeni kaTrump ethathe izintambo, le ndaba yaphakanyiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngo-2019, 2025, nango-2026, ishintsha kusukela ekugxileni kokuqala "ekuphepheni kwezomnotho" kuya ekugcizeleleni okukhulu "ekuphepheni kwezwe."
IGreenland iyindawo engaphansi kokuzimela yoMbuso waseDenmark, enabantu abangu-57,000 kuphela kanye ne-GDP ebekwe endaweni ye-189 emhlabeni jikelele, okwenza umnotho wayo ungabi sezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukubaluleka kwayo ngokwendawo kuyamangalisa: njengesiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ibekwe endaweni ye-13 endaweni phakathi kwezomnotho womhlaba. Okubaluleke kakhulu, cishe u-80% wesiqhingi umbozwe yiqhwa, futhi indawo yaso ebaluleke kakhulu iphakathi kwe-United States, iYurophu, neRussia.
I-HSBC ithe ukuvelela kweGreenland kuvela emiphumeleni ehlangene yezici ezintathu ezibalulekile:
Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu yizinto okufanele zicatshangelwe kwezokuphepha. IGreenland isendaweni ekahle phakathi kwe-United States, iYurophu, neRussia, okwenza indawo yayo ibe yigugu kakhulu kwezempi.
Okwesibili, kukhona amandla okuthumela. Njengoba ushintsho lwesimo sezulu lubangela ukuba iqhwa lase-Arctic lincibilike, uMzila WaseNyakatho Yolwandle ungase ufinyeleleke kalula futhi ubaluleke kakhulu, futhi indawo yaseGreenland izodlala indima ebalulekile endaweni yesikhathi esizayo yokuthumela emhlabeni wonke.
Okwesithathu, kunezinsiza zemvelo. Lokhu yikho kanye okugxilwe kukho kule ngxoxo.
Iziqhenya ngezinye zezindawo zokugcina imvelo ezingavamile ezinkulu emhlabeni, ezinengxenye evelele yezinto ezisindayo zomhlaba ezingavamile, futhi inemithombo yamaminerali ebalulekile engu-29.
Umbiko ukhombisa ukuthi, ngokusho kwedatha ka-2025 evela ku-US Geological Survey (USGS), iGreenland inamathani angaba yizigidi ezingu-1.5 e-metric.umhlaba ongavamileizindawo zokugcina, ezibekwe endaweni yesi-8 emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, i-Geological Survey yaseDenmark naseGreenland (GEUS) inikeza ukuhlolwa okunethemba kakhulu, okuphakamisa ukuthi iGreenland ingaba namathani ayizigidi ezingu-36.1 ezindawo zokugcina zomhlaba ezingavamile. Uma lesi sibalo sinembile, sizokwenza iGreenland ibe yindawo yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni enendawo yokugcina umhlaba engavamile.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, iGreenland inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lezinto ezisindayo zomhlaba ezingavamile (kufaka phakathi i-terbium, i-dysprosium, kanye ne-yttrium), ezivame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-10% wezindawo eziningi ezingavamile zomhlaba kodwa ziyizinto ezibalulekile zama-magnet ahlala njalo adingekayo kuma-wind turbine, ezimotweni zikagesi, kanye nasezinhlelweni zokuzivikela.
Ngaphandle kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, iGreenland inemithombo yamaminerali elinganiselwe njenge-nickel, ithusi, i-lithium, ne-tin, kanye nemithombo kawoyela negesi. I-US Geological Survey ilinganisela ukuthi i-Arctic Circle ingaba namaphesenti angaba ngu-30 emithombo yamandla kagesi yemvelo engakatholakali emhlabeni.
IGreenland inezingu-29 kwezingu-38 “izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile” i-European Commission (2023) ezibone njengezibaluleke kakhulu noma eziphakathi, futhi lezi zimbiwa nazo zibhekwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu ngokweqhinga noma ngokwezomnotho yi-GEUS (2023).
Lolu hlu olubanzi lwezinsizakusebenza zezimbiwa lunikeza iGreenland isikhundla esibalulekile ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezimbiwa olubalulekile emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi esimweni samanje sezomnotho lapho amazwe efuna ukuhlukanisa khona izintambo zawo zokuhlinzeka.
Ukumba izimayini kubhekene nezingqinamba ezinkulu zomnotho
Kodwa-ke, kukhona igebe elikhulu phakathi kwemithombo egciniwe yemfundiso kanye namandla okukhipha angempela, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yaseGreenland kubhekene nezinselele ezinkulu.
Izinselele zezindawo zibalulekile: Ezindaweni ezingaba khona amaminerali ezitholwe yi-GEUS, ezingaphezu kwengxenye zitholakala enyakatho ye-Arctic Circle. Njengoba u-80% weGreenland umbozwe yiqhwa, izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu zandisa kakhulu ubunzima kanye nezindleko zokumba.
Intuthuko yephrojekthi ihamba kancane: Uma sibheka ukumbiwa komhlaba ongavamile njengesibonelo, yize izindawo zokugcina i-Kvanefjeld ne-Tanbreez eningizimu yeGreenland zinamandla (iphrojekthi ye-Tanbreez izibekele umgomo wokuqala wokukhiqiza cishe amathani angu-85,000 ama-oxide omhlaba ongavamile ngonyaka kusukela ngo-2026), okwamanje azikho izimayini ezinkulu ezisebenzayo.
Ukusimama komnotho kuyangatshazwa: Uma sibheka amanani amanje nezindleko zokukhiqiza, kanye nobunzima obengeziwe bendawo eqandisiwe kanye nomthetho wezemvelo oqinile, izinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile zaseGreenland cishe azikwazi ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho esikhathini esiseduze. Umbiko we-GEUS usho ngokusobala ukuthi amanani aphezulu ezimpahla ayadingeka ukuze kumbiwe amadiphozithi aseGreenland ngendlela enenzuzo.
Umbiko wocwaningo lwe-HSBC uthi lesi simo sifana nesimo sikawoyela saseVenezuela. Nakuba iVenezuela inemithombo kawoyela eminingi eqinisekisiwe emhlabeni, ingxenye encane kuphela esetshenziswa ngokwezomnotho.
Indaba iyafana neGreenland: izindawo ezinkulu zokugcina impahla, kodwa ukusebenza kahle komnotho kokukhipha impahla akucaci. Isihluthulelo asigcini nje ngokuthi izwe linemithombo yempahla, kodwa futhi nokuthi ukukhipha leyo mithombo kungenzeka yini ngokwezomnotho. Lo mehluko ubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sokuncintisana okukhulu kwezomnotho emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokusetshenziswa okwandayo kokufinyelela kwezohwebo kanye nempahla njengamathuluzi ezepolitiki.