I-Manganese Dioxide iyimpuphu emnyama enobuningi obungu-5.026g/cm3 kanye nendawo yokuncibilika engu-390°C. Ayincibiliki emanzini kanye ne-nitric acid. I-oksijini ikhishwa ku-H2SO4 eshisayo egxilile, kanti i-chlorine ikhishwa ku-HCL ukuze yakhe i-manganous chloride. Isabela ne-caustic alkali kanye nama-oxidants. I-Eutectic, ikhipha i-carbon dioxide, ikhiqiza i-KMnO4, ibola ibe yi-manganese trioxide kanye ne-oxygen ku-535°C, iyi-oxidant enamandla.
I-Manganese Dioxideinezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa, okubandakanya izimboni ezifana nezokwelapha (i-potassium permanganate), ukuvikela izwe, ukuxhumana, ubuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, ukuphrinta nokudaya, umentshisi, ukwenza insipho, ukushisela, ukuhlanza amanzi, ezolimo, futhi isetshenziswa njengesibulali-magciwane, i-oxidant, i-catalyst, njll. I-Manganese dioxide isetshenziswa njenge-MNO2 njengombala wombala wokufaka umbala ebusweni bezinto zobumba nezitini namathayili, njenge-brown, eluhlaza, onsomi, omnyama neminye imibala egqamile, ukuze umbala ukhanye futhi uhlale isikhathi eside. I-Manganese dioxide isetshenziswa futhi njenge-depolarizer yamabhethri omile, njenge-ejenti yokuyekisa izinsimbi ze-manganese, ama-alloys akhethekile, ama-ferromanganese castings, ama-gas masks, nezinto ze-elekthronikhi, futhi isetshenziswa nasenjolobeni ukwandisa i-viscosity yerabha.
Ithimba le-R&D le-UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. lixazulule amacala okusetshenziswa kwenkampani ikakhulukazi ephathelene nemikhiqizo, i-manganese dioxide ekhethekile yokubhekisela kumakhasimende.
(1) I-Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide, i-MnO2≥91.0%.
I-Electrolytic Manganese Dioxideiyi-depolarizer enhle kakhulu yamabhethri. Uma iqhathaniswa namabhethri omile akhiqizwa yi-manganese dioxide ekhishwayo yemvelo, inezici zomthamo omkhulu wokukhipha, umsebenzi oqinile, usayizi omncane, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ixutshwe ne-20-30% EMD Uma iqhathaniswa namabhethri omile enziwe nge-MnO2 yemvelo ngokuphelele, amabhethri omile avelayo angandisa umthamo wawo wokukhipha ngo-50-100%. Ukuxuba i-50-70% EMD ebhethrini le-zinc chloride elisebenza kahle kakhulu kungandisa umthamo wayo wokukhipha izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Amabhethri e-alkaline-manganese enziwe nge-EMD ngokuphelele angandisa umthamo wawo wokukhipha izikhathi ezingu-5-7. Ngakho-ke, i-electrolytic manganese dioxide isibe yinto eluhlaza ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yamabhethri.
Ngaphezu kokuba yizinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri, i-electrolytic manganese dioxide esimweni somzimba nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi kweminye imikhakha, njengokuthi: njenge-oxidant enqubweni yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali amahle, kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza izinto ezithambile ze-manganese-zinc ferrite. I-electrolytic manganese dioxide inamandla amakhulu okususa i-oxidation, ukunciphisa i-oxidation, ukushintshana kwama-ion kanye nokumuncwa. Ngemva kokucubungula nokubumba, iba uhlobo lwezinto zokuhlunga amanzi ezinhle kakhulu ezisebenza kahle. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokuhlunga ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-activated carbon, i-zeolite nezinye izinto zokuhlunga amanzi, inamandla amakhulu okususa umbala nokususa izinsimbi!
(2) I-Lithium Manganese Oxide Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide Yebanga Le-Lithium Manganese Oxide, i-MnO2≥92.0%.
I-Lithium Manganese Oxide Grade Electrolytic Manganese Dioxideisetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhethri e-lithium manganese anamandla amakhulu. Ibhethri lochungechunge lwe-lithium manganese dioxide libonakala ngamandla alo athile (kufika ku-250 Wh/kg kanye no-500 Wh/L), kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza kukagesi okuphezulu kanye nokuphepha okusetshenziswayo. Lifanele ukukhishwa isikhathi eside ku-current density engu-1mA/cm~2 ekushiseni okungaphansi kuka-20°C kuya ku-70°C. Ibhethri line-voltage encane engu-3 volts. Inkampani yezobuchwepheshe i-British Ventour (Venture) inikeza abasebenzisi izinhlobo ezintathu zesakhiwo samabhethri e-lithium: amabhethri e-button lithium, amabhethri e-lithium cylindrical, kanye namabhethri e-lithium cylindrical aluminium cylindrical avaliwe ngama-polymers. Amadivayisi kagesi aphathekayo avamile athuthuka ngendlela yokunciphisa i-aturization kanye nesisindo esincane, okudinga amabhethri anikeza amandla ukuze abe nezinzuzo ezilandelayo: usayizi omncane, isisindo esincane, amandla aphezulu athile, impilo yesevisi ende, ukungalungi, kanye nokungangcolisi.
(3) Impuphu ye-Manganese Dioxide esebenzayo, i-MnO2≥75.%.
I-Manganese Dioxide Esebenzayo(ukubukeka kuyimpuphu emnyama) yenziwe nge-manganese dioxide yemvelo yezinga eliphezulu ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezifana nokunciphisa, ukungalingani, kanye nokulinganisa isisindo. Empeleni iyinhlanganisela ye-manganese dioxide esebenzayo kanye ne-chemical manganese dioxide. Le nhlanganisela inezinzuzo eziphezulu njengesakhiwo sekristalu sohlobo lwe-γ, indawo enkulu ethile, ukusebenza okuhle kokumuncwa koketshezi, kanye nomsebenzi wokukhipha. Lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lunokukhishwa okuhle okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kanye nokusebenza kokukhipha ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi lusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenziweni kwamabhethri omile anamandla aphezulu kanye nanamandla aphezulu e-zinc-manganese. Lo mkhiqizo ungathatha indawo ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide kancane uma usetshenziswa kumabhethri ohlobo lwe-zinc (P) olune-chloride ephezulu, futhi ungathatha indawo ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide ngokuphelele uma usetshenziswa kumabhethri ohlobo lwe-ammonium chloride (C). Unomphumela omuhle ongabizi kakhulu.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa okuthile yilezi ezilandelayo:
a. I-glaze yombala we-ceramic: izithasiselo ku-glaze emnyama, i-glaze ebomvu ye-manganese kanye ne-glaze ensundu;
b. Ukusetshenziswa kombala we-ceramic uyinki kufaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti yombala omnyama esebenza kahle kakhulu ye-glaze; ukugcwala kombala kusobala ukuthi kuphakeme kune-manganese oxide evamile, futhi izinga lokushisa lokwenziwa kwe-calcining lingaphansi kwama-degrees angama-20 kune-electrolytic manganese dioxide evamile.
c. Izinto ezisetshenziswa emithini, ama-oxidant, ama-catalyst;
d. I-decolorizer yemboni yengilazi;
(4) I-Manganese Dioxide Ehlanzekile Kakhulu, i-MnO2 96%-99%.
Ngemva kweminyaka yokusebenza kanzima, inkampani iphumelele ekuthuthukiseniI-Manganese Dioxide Ehlanzekile Kakhuluenokuqukethwe okungu-96%-99%. Umkhiqizo oguquliwe unezici ze-oxidation enamandla kanye nokukhishwa okunamandla, futhi intengo inenzuzo enkulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-electrolytic manganese dioxide. I-Manganese dioxide iyimpuphu emnyama engaguquki noma ikristalu emnyama ye-orthorhombic. Iyi-oxide eqinile ye-manganese. Ivame ukuvela kuma-nodule e-pyrolusite kanye ne-manganese. Inhloso eyinhloko ye-manganese dioxide ukukhiqiza amabhethri omile, njengebhethri le-carbon-zinc kanye namabhethri e-alkaline. Ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-catalyst ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali, noma njenge-agent enamandla ye-oxidizing ezixazululweni ze-acidic. I-Manganese dioxide iyi-oxide engeyona i-amphoteric (i-oxide engakhi usawoti), okuyi-solid emnyama eqinile kakhulu emazingeni okushisa egumbi futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-depolarizer yamabhethri omile. Futhi iyi-oxidant enamandla, ayishi yodwa, kodwa isekela ukusha, ngakho-ke akufanele ibekwe ndawonye nezinto ezivuthayo.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa okuthile yilezi ezilandelayo:
a. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-depolarizer kumabhethri omile. Iyisithako esihle sokususa umbala embonini yengilazi. Ingaxuba usawoti wensimbi oshibhile ube usawoti wensimbi ephezulu, futhi iguqule umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wengilazi ube ophuzi obuthakathaka.
b. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezisebenza ngogesi ze-manganese-zinc ferrite embonini ye-elekthronikhi, njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ferro-manganese alloys embonini yokwenza insimbi, kanye ne-heating agent embonini yokukhipha. Isetshenziswa njengesimunci se-carbon monoxide kuma-gas mask.
c. Embonini yamakhemikhali, isetshenziswa njenge-oxidizing agent (njengokwenziwa kwe-purpurin), isikhuthazo sokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye ne-desiccant yopende noyinki.
d. Isetshenziswa njengesithako sokushisa embonini yokufanisa, njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zobumba kanye nama-glaze e-enamel kanye nosawoti we-manganese.
e. Kusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe be-pyrotechnics, ekuhlanzeni amanzi nasekususeni insimbi, kwezokwelapha, ekunyatheliseni nasekudayini umanyolo kanye nendwangu, njll.