Kutheni uTrump ejonge iGreenland? Ngaphaya kwendawo yayo ebalulekileyo, esi siqithi siqandisiweyo sigcina "izixhobo ezibalulekileyo."
2026-01-09 10:35 Iakhawunti Esemthethweni Yeendaba zaseWall Street
Ngokutsho kweCCTV News, nge-8 kaJanuwari ngexesha lendawo, uMongameli wase-US uTrump wathi i-United States kufuneka “ibe yiyo” yonke iGreenland, ingxelo ephinde yazisa iGreenland kuqoqosho lwelizwe.
Ngokwengxelo yophando yakutshanje evela kwi-HSBC, esi siqithi sikhulu ehlabathini asinayo nje indawo efanelekileyo ngokwendawo, kodwa sikwanazo nezixhobo ezininzi zezimbiwa ezibalulekileyo ezifana nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
IGreenland ineendawo zokugcina umhlaba ezinqabileyo zesibhozo ngobukhulu emhlabeni (malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi zeetoni ze-metric), kwaye ukuba kubandakanywa iindawo zokugcina umhlaba ezinokwenzeka, inokuba yindawo yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni (36.1 yezigidi zeetoni ze-metric). Esi siqithi sikwanazo nezixhobo zezimbiwa kwizixhobo ezingama-29 ezidweliswe yiKhomishini yaseYurophu njengezibalulekileyo okanye ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ephambili kukuba nangona iGreenland ineendawo zokugcina umhlaba ezinqabileyo zesibhozo ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ezi zixhobo zisenokungabi namandla ngokwezoqoqosho ekukhutshweni kwazo kwixesha elifutshane ngamaxabiso angoku kunye neendleko zokwemba. Esi siqithi sigqunywe yi-80% ngumkhenkce, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezixhobo zaso zezimbiwa zikumantla eArctic Circle, kwaye imithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo igcina iindleko zokwemba ziphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iGreenland ayinakuba ngumthombo obalulekileyo wezimbiwa ezibalulekileyo kwixesha elifutshane ngaphandle kokuba amaxabiso eemveliso anyuka kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.
I-Geopolitics ibuyisela iGreenland kwindawo egqamileyo, iyinika ixabiso eliphindwe kathathu leqhinga.
Umdla we-United States eGreenland awunto intsha. Kwangenkulungwane ye-19, i-US yayicebise ukuthenga iGreenland. Emva kokuba ulawulo lukaTrump luthathe i-ofisi, le ngxaki yaphakanyiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngo-2019, 2025, nango-2026, itshintsha ukusuka ekugxileni ekuqaleni "kukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho" ukuya ekugxininiseni ngakumbi "kukhuseleko lwesizwe."
IGreenland yindawo ezimeleyo yoBukumkani baseDenmark, enabemi abangama-57,000 kuphela kwaye i-GDP ikwindawo ye-189 kwihlabathi liphela, nto leyo eyenza uqoqosho lwayo lungabi namsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwayo ngokwendawo kuyamangalisa: njengesona siqithi sikhulu ehlabathini, ikwindawo ye-13 phakathi koqoqosho lwehlabathi. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, malunga ne-80% yesiqithi igutyungelwe ngumkhenkce, kwaye indawo yayo ephambili iphakathi kwe-United States, iYurophu, neRashiya.
I-HSBC ithe ukunyuka kweGreenland ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu kuvela kwisiphumo esidibeneyo sezinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:
Okokuqala nokubalulekileyo zizinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kukhuseleko. IGreenland ibekwe kwindawo efanelekileyo phakathi kwe-United States, iYurophu, neRashiya, nto leyo eyenza indawo yayo yejografi ibe nexabiso elikhulu kwezopolitiko.
Okwesibini, kukho amandla okuthumela ngenqanawa. Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu lubangela ukuba umkhenkce weArctic unyibilike, uMzila woLwandle oluseMantla usenokuba lula ukuwufikelela nokubaluleka, kwaye indawo yaseGreenland iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimeko-bume yokuthumela ngenqanawa yehlabathi kwixesha elizayo.
Okwesithathu, kukho izixhobo zendalo. Le yeyona nto iphambili kule ngxoxo.
Inezinye zezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zokugcina umhlaba onqabileyo emhlabeni, kunye nenxalenye ebalaseleyo yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kwaye inemithombo yezimbiwa ebalulekileyo engama-29.
Ingxelo ibonisa ukuba, ngokwedatha ka-2025 evela kwi-US Geological Survey (USGS), iGreenland inazo malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi zeetoni ze-metricumhlaba ongaqhelekangaiindawo zokugcina, ezibekwe kwindawo yesi-8 kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, iGeological Survey yaseDenmark naseGreenland (GEUS) inika uvavanyo olunethemba ngakumbi, olubonisa ukuba iGreenland isenokuba neetoni ezingama-36.1 ezigidi zeetoni zeendawo zokugcina umhlaba ezinqabileyo. Ukuba eli nani lichanekile, lingenza iGreenland ibe yindawo yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni yokugcina umhlaba onqabileyo.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, iGreenland inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (kuquka i-terbium, i-dysprosium, kunye ne-yttrium), ezihlala zingaphantsi kwe-10% yeendawo ezininzi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kodwa zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiimagnethi ezihlala zihleli ezifunekayo kwiiturbine zomoya, izithuthi zombane, kunye neenkqubo zokhuselo.
Ngaphandle kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, iGreenland ikwanazo neendawo zokugcina izimbiwa ezifana ne-nickel, i-copper, i-lithium, kunye ne-tin, kunye nezixhobo zeoyile kunye negesi. I-US Geological Survey iqikelela ukuba i-Arctic Circle inokuba ne-30% yeendawo zokugcina igesi yendalo ezingafunyanwanga kwihlabathi.
IGreenland ine-29 kwi-38 "yezinto ezibalulekileyo" ezichongwe yiKhomishini yaseYurophu (2023) njengezibaluleke kakhulu okanye eziphakathi, kwaye ezi zimbiwa nazo zithathwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu ngokwesicwangciso okanye ngokwezoqoqosho yi-GEUS (2023).
Olu luhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zezimbiwa lunika iGreenland isikhundla esibalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngezimbiwa elibalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, ingakumbi kwimeko yezoqoqosho yangoku apho amazwe afuna ukwahlulahlula imixokelelwane yawo yokubonelela.
Imigodi ijongene nemiqobo emikhulu kwezoqoqosho
Nangona kunjalo, kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwezinto ezigciniweyo zethiyori kunye namandla okwenyani okufunxa, kwaye uphuhliso lwezixhobo zaseGreenland lujongene nemingeni enzima.
Imingeni yejografi ibalulekile: Kwiindawo ezinokubakho kwezimbiwa ezichongiweyo yiGEUS, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha zikumantla eArctic Circle. Njengoko i-80% yeGreenland igqunywe ngumkhenkce, iimeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu ziyandisa kakhulu ubunzima kunye neendleko zokumba.
Inkqubela phambili yeprojekthi icotha: Xa sijonga ukwembiwa komhlaba onqabileyo njengomzekelo, nangona i-Kvanefjeld kunye ne-Tanbreez deposits kumazantsi eGreenland zinamandla (iprojekthi ye-Tanbreez ibeke umgomo wokuqala wokuvelisa malunga neetoni ezingama-85,000 zee-oxides zomhlaba onqabileyo ngonyaka ukususela ngo-2026), okwangoku akukho migodi mikhulu isebenza ngokwenene.
Ukuphila kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kuyathandabuzeka: Ngenxa yamaxabiso angoku kunye neendleko zemveliso, kunye nobunzima obongezelelekileyo bemeko yendawo ebandayo kunye nomthetho ongqongqo wokusingqongileyo, izixhobo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zaseGreenland akunakwenzeka ukuba zikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kwixesha elifutshane. Ingxelo ye-GEUS ithi ngokucacileyo amaxabiso aphezulu eemveliso ayimfuneko ukuze kwembiwe iidiphozithi zaseGreenland ngendlela enokusetyenziswa ngokwezoqoqosho.
Ingxelo yophando lwe-HSBC ithi le meko ifana nengxaki yeoyile yaseVenezuela. Nangona iVenezuela inezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zeoyile eziqinisekisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela, incinci kakhulu enokuxhaphazwa ngokwezoqoqosho.
Ibali liyafana neGreenland: iindawo ezininzi zokugcina impahla, kodwa ukuphila kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kokukhupha impahla akucaci. Ingongoma ephambili ayikuko kuphela ekubeni ilizwe linezixhobo zokuthengisa, kodwa ikwakukuba ukukhupha ezo zixhobo kunokwenzeka na ngokwezoqoqosho. Lo mahluko ubaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yokhuphiswano oluya lukhula lwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulayo korhwebo kunye nokufikelela kwiimpahla njengezixhobo zezopolitiko.