Boron: Mai nā mea kumu a i ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe - Ke kālailai nei i ka hoʻohana pololei ʻana o ka Boron maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ma nā Semiconductors a me nā kahua holomua
Ma nā kahua ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e alualu ana i nā palena microscopic a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe loa, hoʻokani kekahi mau mea nui i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi.Borona,ʻO ka hōʻailona element B, ka helu atomika 5, kekahi o ia mau element. ʻO kēia metalloid, i loaʻa wale i nā hui ma ke ʻano, ua lilo ia i "element koʻikoʻi" pono ʻole i nā kahua e like me nā semiconductors, nā mea holomua, a me ka ʻoihana nukelea ma muli o kona ʻano uila kū hoʻokahi a me nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika.
1. "Nā Luna Hana Lima Loa" o ka ʻOihana Semiconductor: Precision Doping a me ka ulu ʻana o Crystal
I loko o ka ʻoihana semiconductor, ʻo ka waiwai o ka boron crystalline maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e waiho ana i kona mau hiki ke hoʻokele pololei ʻole.
ʻO ke kihi o ka doping ʻano-P: ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o Boron ma ke ʻano he dopant ʻano-P. ʻO Silicon (Si) ka lio hana i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole ʻia o nā mea semiconductor, akā naʻe, hana maikaʻi ʻole ia. Ke hoʻokomo pololei ʻia nā ʻātoma boron i loko o ka lattice silicon ma o nā ʻano hana e like me ka ion implantation a i ʻole ka diffusion wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻekolu wale nō electrons i loko o ka pūpū waho loa o boron, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā electrons ʻehā o silicon. Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi "lua" e hiki ke hoʻokipa a lawe i nā electrons, e hana pono ana i kahi semiconductor ʻano-P. He mea nui kēia kaʻina hana "doping" i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka PN junction—ka poloka kūkulu kumu o nā mea semiconductor āpau, me nā diodes, transistors, a me nā thyristors.
ʻO ke kī i nā mea hana mana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana: I nā mea hana mana e pono e kū i nā voltages kiʻekiʻe a me nā au kiʻekiʻe (e like me IGBTs a me nā MOSFET mana), hoʻoponopono pono nā wafers silicon doped boron (maʻamau ma ka ʻāpana kū'ē kiʻekiʻe) i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kahua uila a hoʻonui i ka voltages kū'ē o ka mea hana. Eia kekahi, ma nā kikowaena hana holomua, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ultra-shallow junctions e pono ai ka pololei doping kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO Boron, ma muli o kona radius atomika liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomalu i ka doping maikaʻi aʻe, e hoʻokō ana i nā koi o nā mea hana nanoscale.
Mea kumu no ka ulu ʻana o ke kristal hoʻokahi: Ma waho aʻe o ka doping, hoʻohana ʻia ka boron crystalline ma ke ʻano he mea kumu no ka ulu ʻana i ka boron-dopedsilikanā kristal hoʻokahi ma o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe. Hoʻopuka kēia ʻano hana i nā ʻiʻo silicon me ka conductivity ʻano-P like ma ka wafer holoʻokoʻa, e hāʻawi ana i ke kumu no ka hana nui ʻana o nā mea semiconductor kūlike loa.
2. Ma ʻō aku o nā Semiconductors: Ka Hana Koʻikoʻi o Boron ma nā kahua he nui
ʻOi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana o Boron ma mua o nā semiconductors; ʻālohilohi kona mau pūhui a me nā isotopes ma nā ʻano holomua he nui.
Nā Mea Hana Kūkulu Holomua: ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa o Boron (paʻakikī Mohs 9.5) e lilo ia i mea kūpono no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana. ʻO nā olonā Boron a me nā keramika boride nā mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hui ikaika a māmā hoʻi, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka aerospace, nā lako haʻuki hana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke Aniani Kūikawā a me nā Pālolo: I ka hana ʻana i ke aniani, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka boron oxide e hōʻemi nui i ke koina o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka wela, e hāʻawi ana i ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela maikaʻi loa. ʻO kēia aniani borosilicate kahi koho makemake ʻia no nā lako hana (e like me nā kīʻaha pale wela) a me nā lako kuke kiʻekiʻe. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā hui boron i nā pālolo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou kūpaʻa wela a me ka ikaika mechanical.
Ka hopu ʻana o Neutron a me ka ʻoihana nukelea: Aia ka boron kūlohelohe ma kahi o 20% o ka isotope boron-10, nona kahi ʻāpana hopu kiʻekiʻe loa no nā neutrons thermal. ʻO kēia waiwai e hana ai i ka boron-10 (ma ke ʻano maʻamau o ka boron carbide a i ʻole ka waikawa boric) i mea koʻokoʻo hoʻomalu pono ʻole, mea pale neutron, a me ka mea palekana no nā ʻōnaehana pani ulia pōpilikia i nā reactors nukelea.
ʻO Organic Synthesis a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Ma nā kahua kemika maikaʻi a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo nā reagents i loaʻa ka boron (e like me nā waikawa boronic a me nā esters boronic) he mau mea waena koʻikoʻi no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pilina carbon-carbon a me carbon-heteroatom, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā hopena hoʻopili Suzuki-Miyaura. Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei ka nui o nā molekala organik i loaʻa ka boron ma ke ʻano he mau lāʻau lapaʻau hou. No ka laʻana, ua lilo kekahi mau mea hoʻopaʻa proteasome i mau lāʻau lapaʻau anti-cancer koʻikoʻi.
3. ʻO ka maikaʻi ke kihi o ka ʻenehana: ka lako hilinaʻi mai Kina mai
I ke alo o ia mau noi ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe nui a koi nui hoʻi, ua hōʻea nā koi no ka maʻemaʻe, kūlike a me ke ʻano kikoʻī (e like me ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me ke ʻano kristal) o nā mea boron i nā pae i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.
ʻO UrbanMines Tech., kahi mea hana alakaʻi a me ka mea hoʻolako i nā mea boron maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ma Kina, hoʻomaopopo hohonu i ka hopena koʻikoʻi o nā waiwai mea ma nā huahana ma hope. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā mākou laina hana ponoʻī a kāohi ʻia, loea mākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka semiconductor-grade kiʻekiʻe-grade crystalline a me amorphous boron, a me nā hui boron i hana ʻia, i nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ʻo nā huahana hope loa wale nō ke hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka ʻenehana holomua. No laila, ua kūpaʻa mākou i ka hana pū ʻana me nā hoa hana R&D a me nā hoa hana hana honua e hoʻokuke pū i nā palena o ka ʻenehana, mai nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a i ka ikehu maʻemaʻe, ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hopena mea boron hana kiʻekiʻe, paʻa a hilinaʻi hoʻi.