▲ Ukwanda kwe-cerium hydroxide
Phakathi kokusungulwa okusha okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla, ikusasa lemboni lisalokhu ligcwele ukungaqiniseki. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwamuva kwe-cerium hydroxide ngokungangabazeki kulethe ithemba elisha kule nsimu. Njengezinto ezibalulekile ezingaphili, i-cerium hydroxide kancane kancane ithola indawo emkhakheni omusha wamandla ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye namandla okusetshenziswa okubanzi. Okulandelayo, sizohlola umhlaba we-cerium hydroxide, sihlolisise ngokujulile ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlukahlukene emkhakheni omusha wamandla kanye nezizathu zamandla ayo njengezinto ezintsha zamandla ezithembisayo.
▲ Indawo eyinhloko kumaseli kaphethiloli
I-Cerium hydroxide idlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wamandla amasha, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwamaseli kaphethiloli. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zenza kube yingxenye ebalulekile yamaseli kaphethiloli. Ngokuqonda okujulile izimiso zokusebenza kanye nezindlela ze-cerium hydroxide kumaseli kaphethiloli, singaqonda kangcono amandla ayo kanye namathuba okusetshenziswa emkhakheni omusha wamandla.
I-Cerium hydroxide, ngenxa yokuqhuba kwayo i-ionic kanye nezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile, iyinto efanelekile ye-electrolyte yamaseli kaphethiloli e-oxide aqinile (ama-SOFC). Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, yenza kube lula ukufuduka kwama-ion e-oxygen okuphumelelayo, kuvumela ukusabela kwe-electrochemical futhi kunikeze amandla aqinile okusebenza okuzinzile kwama-SOFC. I-Cerium hydroxide iyingxenye ebalulekile "yenhliziyo" yama-SOFC, futhi ukuba khona kwayo kuqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bamandla obusha.
▲ Ukusetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye namandla avuselelekayo, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla sebube ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuyinhloko. Ngokuphikisana nalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwei-cerium hydroxideemkhakheni wokugcina amandla uye wadonsa kancane kancane ukunaka. Njengomuguquli wezinto ze-electrode, ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinto ze-electrode, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuzinza komjikelezo webhethri kanye nekhono lokukhipha izinga eliphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-cerium hydroxide ingabamba iqhaza ngempumelelo ekusabeleni kwe-redox ebusweni be-electrode ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri, inciphise umonakalo wesakhiwo sezinto ze-electrode futhi ngaleyo ndlela yandise impilo yebhethri iyonke. Uma sibheka phambili, ngokuqhubeka kwentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cerium hydroxide ensimini entsha yokugcina amandla kuzoba namandla amakhulu nakakhulu.
▲ Amathuba obuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen
Ngokuguqulwa kwezakhiwo zamandla, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen buya ngokuya buqashelwa. I-Cerium hydroxide, inhlanganisela enezakhiwo ezihlukile, ikhombisa amandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen. Ngokuhlanganyela ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali, ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuzinza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, inikeze ukwesekwa okusha kobuchwepheshe bokushintsha kwamandla.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen obusebenza kahle futhi obungabizi kakhulu sebube yindlela eyinhloko yocwaningo nentuthuko. I-Cerium hydroxide, i-catalyst eyingqayizivele, ingakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukusabela kwamakhemikhali e-organic njengokukhipha i-oxidation kwama-alcohols kanye ne-epoxidation yama-olefin, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okuphumelelayo kulezi zindlela zokusabela. I-Cerium hydroxide nayo inamandla okusebenza njenge-photocatalyst, ekwazi ukubola ama-molecule amanzi ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ukuze ikhiqize i-hydrogen. Lezi zakhiwo zinikeza i-cerium hydroxide amathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa embonini yamandla e-hydrogen futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifake umfutho omusha ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwemboni.
▲ Isicelo emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo
Lapho sixoxa ngendima ebalulekile ye-cerium hydroxide embonini yamandla e-hydrogen, asikwazi ukuyeka ukusho ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubalulekile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Njengesikhuthazi esisebenza kahle kakhulu, i-cerium hydroxide ingasiza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-organic. Lokhu kusabela akugcini nje ngokufaka isandla ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen kodwa futhi kwenza kube lula ukuguqulwa nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemfucuza e-organic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ze-photocatalytic ze-cerium hydroxide zenza kube ithuluzi elinamandla lokubhekana nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngokubola ama-molecule amanzi nezinye izinqubo, ingaguqula izinto eziyingozi zibe ezingenangozi, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele futhi ithuthukise imvelo.
Ngaphandle kwempumelelo yayo ebalulekile emkhakheni omusha wamandla, i-cerium hydroxide iphinde yabonisa inani layo elibalulekile emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Isebenzisa izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zokuvuselela, i-cerium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi ukubola amagesi ayingozi, isiza ekunciphiseni ukungcola kwemvelo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesithako sengilazi kanye nombala we-ceramic, ithuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza komkhiqizo futhi ithuthukise iphrofayili yayo yezemvelo. Lo mphumela wokubambisana kuzo zonke imikhakha yamandla nezemvelo uholele ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe se-cerium hydroxide, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi emkhakheni omusha wamandla.
▲ Umbono Wemakethe
Njengoba imboni entsha yamandla ikhula ngokushesha kanye nokuthandwa okukhulayo kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, isidingo semakethe se-cerium hydroxide siyaqhubeka nokukhula. Izinhlangano ezigunyaziwe zibikezela ukuthi imakethe ye-cerium hydroxide izoqhubeka nokukhula eminyakeni ezayo, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yanamuhla efana namaseli kaphethiloli, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, kanye nemboni yamandla e-hydrogen, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule khona kakhulu. Lo mkhuba wemakethe ngokungangabazeki uzoletha amathuba angakaze abonwe ngaphambili okuchuma kwemboni ye-cerium hydroxide.
▲ Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo
Ngokuqhubeka nokuchuma kwemboni entsha yamandla kanye nokwamukelwa okwandayo kwemibono yokuvikela imvelo, isidingo semakethe se-cerium hydroxide sizohlala siqinile. Izinhlangano ezigunyaziwe zibikezela ukuthi imakethe ye-cerium hydroxide izoqhubeka nokukhula eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yanamuhla efana namaseli kaphethiloli, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, kanye nemboni yamandla e-hydrogen, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule khona ngokushesha. Lo mkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe ubonisa ikusasa eliqhakazile nakakhulu embonini ye-cerium hydroxide.
I-Cerium hydroxide, enezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba nezamakhemikhali kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi emikhakheni eminingi, kancane kancane ivele njengenkanyezi ekhanyayo emkhakheni omusha wamandla. Ibonisa amandla okusebenzisa amangalisayo kanye nenani lemakethe ezindaweni ezibalulekile ezifana namaseli kaphethiloli, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, imboni yamandla e-hydrogen, ngisho nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Uma sibheka phambili, ngokuqhubeka kwentuthuko yobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla kanye nesidingo esikhulayo semakethe, i-cerium hydroxide ngokungangabazeki izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni omusha wamandla, ifaka ugqozi oluqinile ekuthuthukisweni okuluhlaza nokusimeme komphakathi wesintu. Sonke masibheke phambili ekuboneni intuthuko ekhazimulayo ye-cerium hydroxide emkhakheni omusha wamandla.