Me ka hoʻokō ʻana o ke kulekele mālama a me ka waihona o Kina, e emi maoli ana ke kumukūʻai o nā metala nui ʻole-ferrous e like me ke keleawe oxide, zinc, a me ka alumini. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka mākeke kūʻai i ka mahina i hala. I ka wā pōkole, ua paʻa nā kumukūʻai o nā waiwai nui, a aia nō kahi no ka emi hou ʻana o nā kumukūʻai o nā huahana i piʻi nui i ka wā ma mua. Ke nānā nei i ka disk i ka pule i hala, ua hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka praseodymium oxide honua laha ʻole. I kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia e paʻa ke kumukūʻai no kekahi manawa ma ka pae o 500,000-53 miliona yuan no ka ton. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia kumukūʻai wale nō ke kumukūʻai i helu ʻia e ka mea hana a me kekahi mau hoʻoponopono i ka mākeke futures. ʻAʻohe loli kumukūʻai maopopo mai ka hana kino ma waho pūnaewele. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka praseodymium oxide ponoʻī i ka ʻoihana pigment ceramic ua paʻa iki, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kumu mai Ganzhou Province a me Jiangxi Province. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nele o ka zirconium silicate ma ka mākeke i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke one zircon ua hōʻike i kahi ʻano hoʻonāukiuki. Me nā mea hana silicate zirconium kūloko ʻo Guangdong Province a me Fujian Province i kēia manawa ua paʻa loa, a ua akahele loa hoʻi nā ʻōlelo kūʻai, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana zirconium silicate ma kahi o 60 degere ma kahi o 1,1000-13,000 yuan no ka ton. ʻAʻohe loli maopopo o ke koi o ka mākeke, a ke manaʻo nei nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku i ke kumukūʻai o ka zirconium silicate i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ma ke ʻano o nā glazes, me ka hoʻopau mālie ʻana o nā tile ʻālohilohi mai ka mākeke, ke wikiwiki nei nā ʻoihana poloka hoʻoheheʻe i hōʻike ʻia e Zibo ma Shandong Province i kā lākou hoʻololi ʻana i ka polishing piha. Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka China Building and Sanitary Ceramics Association, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana tile keramika aupuni ma 2020 ma mua o 10 biliona mika kuea, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana o nā tile glazed piha i wili ʻia e 27.5% o ka huina. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻololi nei kekahi mau mea hana i kā lākou laina hana i ka hopena o ka makahiki i hala. Inā kuhi pono ʻia, e hoʻomau ka hana o nā tile glazed i wili ʻia ma 2021 ma kahi o 2.75 biliona mika kuea. Ke helu nei i ka hui pū ʻana o ka glaze ʻili a me ka glaze poli ʻia, ʻo ke koi aupuni no ka glaze poli ʻia ma kahi o 2.75 miliona tons. A ʻo ka glaze luna wale nō e pono e hoʻohana i nā huahana strontium carbonate, a ʻo ka glaze luna e hoʻohana i ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka glaze poli ʻia. ʻOiai inā e helu ʻia e like me ka hapa o ka glaze ʻili i hoʻohana ʻia no 40%, inā 30% o nā huahana glaze poli ʻia e hoʻohana i ke ʻano hana strontium carbonate. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ke koi makahiki no ka strontium carbonate i ka ʻoihana seramika ma kahi o 30,000 tons i loko o ka glaze i wili ʻia. ʻOiai me ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi liʻiliʻi o ka poloka heheʻe, pono e kokoke ana ka nui o ke koi no ka strontium carbonate ma ka mākeke seramika kūloko holoʻokoʻa ma kahi o 33,000 tons.
Wahi a nā ʻike pili i ka pāpāho, aia i kēia manawa he 23 mau wahi eli strontium o nā ʻano like ʻole ma Kina, me 4 mau lua nui, 2 mau lua waena, 5 mau lua liʻiliʻi, a me 12 mau lua liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā lua liʻiliʻi a me nā lua liʻiliʻi ka mea nui o nā lua strontium o Kina, a he kūlana koʻikoʻi ko ke kaona a me ka lua pākahi. Mai Ianuali-ʻOkakopa 2020, ua piʻi aku ka nui o ka strontium carbonate i lawe ʻia aku e Kina i 1,504 tons, a ʻo ka nui o ka strontium carbonate i lawe ʻia mai e Kina mai Ianuali a ʻOkakopa 2020 he 17,852 tons. ʻO nā wahi nui e lawe aku ai i ka strontium carbonate o Kina ʻo Iapana, Vietnam, ka Russian Federation, Iran a me Myanmar. ʻO nā kumu nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o ka strontium carbonate o koʻu ʻāina ʻo Mekiko, Kelemānia, Iapana, Iran a me Sepania, a ʻo ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai he 13,228 tons, 7236.1 tons, 469.6 tons, a me 42 tons. Me 12 tone. Mai ka manaʻo o nā mea hana nui, ma ka ʻoihana paʻakai strontium kūloko o Kina, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hana huahana strontium carbonate ma Hebei, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Qinghai a me nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe, a he nui ko lākou ʻano hoʻomohala. ʻO ka hiki ke hana i kēia manawa he 30,000 tone/makahiki a me 1.8 10,000 tone/makahiki, 30,000 tone/makahiki, a me 20,000 tone/makahiki, ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau wahi ma nā mea hoʻolako strontium carbonate koʻikoʻi loa o Kina.
E pili ana i nā kumu koi o ka mākeke, ʻo ka nele o ka strontium carbonate he nele wale nō ia o nā kumuwaiwai mineral a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni. Hiki ke wānana ʻia e hoʻi hou ka lako mākeke i ka maʻamau ma hope o ʻOkakopa. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomau nei ke kumukūʻai o ka strontium carbonate ma ka mākeke glaze seramika i ka hāʻule ʻana. Aia ka ʻōlelo ma ka pae kumukūʻai o 16000-17000 yuan no ke tona. Ma ka mākeke offline, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka strontium carbonate, ua hoʻopau mua ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana a hoʻomaikaʻi paha i ke ʻano a ʻaʻole hoʻohana hou i ka strontium carbonate. Ua hoʻolauna pū kekahi poʻe glaze loea ʻaʻole pono ka ʻano polishing glaze e hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ka strontium carbonate structure. Hiki i ka lakio structure o ka barium carbonate ke hoʻokō i nā koi loea o nā kaʻina hana wikiwiki a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. No laila, mai ka manaʻo o ka mākeke, hiki nō ke hāʻule ke kumukūʻai o ka strontium carbonate i ka pae o 13000-14000 i ka hopena o ka makahiki.