N’chifukwa chiyani Trump akuyang’ana Greenland? Kupatula malo ake abwino, chilumba chozizirachi chili ndi “zinthu zofunika kwambiri.”
2026-01-09 10:35 Nkhani Yovomerezeka ya Wall Street News
Malinga ndi CCTV News, pa nthawi yakumaloko pa Januwale 8, Purezidenti wa US Trump adati United States iyenera "kukhala mwini" wa Greenland yonse, zomwe zabweretsanso Greenland patsogolo pa zachuma.
Malinga ndi lipoti la kafukufuku waposachedwa kuchokera ku HSBC, chilumba chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi sichili ndi malo abwino okha, komanso chili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika monga zinthu zapadziko lapansi.
Greenland ili ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe osowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (pafupifupi matani 1.5 miliyoni), ndipo ngati malo osungiramo zinthu omwe angakhalepo aphatikizidwa, akhoza kukhala malo achiwiri padziko lonse lapansi (matani 36.1 miliyoni). Chilumbachi chilinso ndi mchere m'zinthu zopangira 29 zomwe European Commission yazilemba kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri kapena zochepa.
Komabe, nkhani yaikulu ndi yakuti ngakhale kuti Greenland ili ndi malo osungiramo zinthu osowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zinthu zimenezi sizingakhale zothandiza pachuma pochotsa zinthu m'dziko muno posachedwapa pamitengo yapano komanso ndalama zogulira zinthu. Chilumbachi chili ndi ayezi wokwana 80%, ndipo zoposa theka la zinthu zake zamchere zili kumpoto kwa Arctic Circle, ndipo malamulo okhwima okhudza chilengedwe amapangitsa kuti ndalama zochotsera zinthu zikhale zokwera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Greenland sikungakhale gwero lalikulu la zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'dziko muno pokhapokha ngati mitengo ya zinthu zamtengo wapatali ikwera kwambiri mtsogolomu.
Geopolitics ikubwezeretsa Greenland ku malo ofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zikuipangitsa kukhala ndi phindu lalikulu katatu.
Chidwi cha United States ku Greenland si chatsopano. Kale m'zaka za m'ma 1800, US idapereka lingaliro logula Greenland. Boma la Trump litayamba kugwira ntchito, nkhaniyi idakambidwa mobwerezabwereza mu 2019, 2025, ndi 2026, kusintha kuchoka pa kuyang'ana kwambiri pa "chitetezo chachuma" kupita ku "chitetezo cha dziko."
Greenland ndi dziko lodzilamulira pang'ono la Ufumu wa Denmark, lomwe lili ndi anthu 57,000 okha ndipo GDP yake ili pa nambala 189 padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chuma chake chikhale chochepa. Komabe, kufunika kwake m'malo mwake n'kwapadera: popeza ndi chilumba chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chili pa nambala 13 m'malo mwa mayiko azachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Chofunika kwambiri, pafupifupi 80% ya chilumbachi chili ndi ayezi, ndipo malo ake abwino ali pakati pa United States, Europe, ndi Russia.
HSBC inanena kuti kutchuka kwa Greenland kumachokera ku zotsatira zonse za zinthu zitatu zofunika:
Choyamba komanso chofunika kwambiri ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi chitetezo. Greenland ili pakati pa United States, Europe, ndi Russia, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ake akhale ofunika kwambiri pankhondo.
Kachiwiri, pali kuthekera kotumiza katundu. Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukupangitsa kuti ayezi wa ku Arctic asungunuke, Njira ya Kumpoto kwa Nyanja ikhoza kukhala yofikirika mosavuta komanso yofunika, ndipo malo a Greenland adzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka sitima zapadziko lonse lapansi mtsogolo.
Chachitatu, pali zinthu zachilengedwe. Ichi ndiye cholinga chachikulu cha nkhaniyi.
Ili ndi malo ena osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe zosowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zosowa zachilengedwe, ndipo ili ndi zinthu 29 zofunika kwambiri za mchere.
Lipotilo likusonyeza kuti, malinga ndi deta ya 2025 kuchokera ku US Geological Survey (USGS), Greenland ili ndi matani pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni adziko losowamalo osungiramo zinthu zakale, omwe ali pa nambala 8 padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) imapereka chiweruzo chabwino kwambiri, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti Greenland ikhoza kukhala ndi matani 36.1 miliyoni a malo osungiramo zinthu zakale. Ngati chiwerengerochi chili cholondola, chingapangitse Greenland kukhala malo achiwiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zakale.
Chofunika kwambiri, Greenland ili ndi zinthu zambiri zolemera za dziko lapansi (kuphatikizapo terbium, dysprosium, ndi yttrium), zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwana 10% ya zinthu zambiri za dziko lapansi koma ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa maginito okhazikika omwe amafunikira mu ma turbine amphepo, magalimoto amagetsi, ndi machitidwe oteteza.
Kupatula zinthu zosadziwika bwino zapadziko lapansi, Greenland ilinso ndi mchere wochepa monga nickel, copper, lithium, ndi tin, komanso mafuta ndi gasi. Kafukufuku wa US Geological Survey akuti Arctic Circle ikhoza kukhala ndi pafupifupi 30% ya gasi wachilengedwe womwe sunapezeke padziko lonse lapansi.
Greenland ili ndi "zipangizo zofunikira kwambiri" 29 mwa 38 zomwe European Commission (2023) yaziona kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri kapena pang'ono, ndipo mchere uwu umaonedwanso kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri pazachuma ndi GEUS (2023).
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamchere kumeneku kumapatsa Greenland malo ofunikira kwambiri mu unyolo wofunikira kwambiri wa mchere padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'malo omwe mayiko akuyang'ana kusinthasintha kwa unyolo wawo wopereka.
Migodi ikukumana ndi mavuto aakulu azachuma
Komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ndi mphamvu yeniyeni yopezera zinthu, ndipo chitukuko cha zinthu za ku Greenland chikukumana ndi mavuto aakulu.
Mavuto a malo ndi ofunika kwambiri: Pa malo omwe GEUS ingapeze miyala, oposa theka ali kumpoto kwa Arctic Circle. Popeza 80% ya dziko la Greenland yaphimbidwa ndi ayezi, nyengo yoipa kwambiri imawonjezera zovuta komanso mtengo wa migodi.
Kupita patsogolo kwa polojekitiyi kuli pang'onopang'ono: Potengera migodi ya nthaka yosowa mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti malo osungiramo zinthu ku Kvanefjeld ndi Tanbreez kum'mwera kwa Greenland ali ndi kuthekera (pulojekiti ya Tanbreez yakhazikitsa cholinga choyamba chopanga matani pafupifupi 85,000 a ma oxide a nthaka yosowa pachaka kuyambira 2026), pakadali pano palibe migodi yayikulu yomwe ikugwira ntchito.
Kukhazikika kwachuma n'kokayikitsa: Popeza mitengo yamakono ndi ndalama zopangira, pamodzi ndi zovuta zowonjezera za chilengedwe chozizira komanso malamulo okhwima okhudza zachilengedwe, chuma cha Greenland chosowa sichingakhale chopindulitsa pazachuma posachedwa. Lipoti la GEUS likunena momveka bwino kuti mitengo yokwera yazinthu ikufunika kuti migodi ya Greenland igwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda ndalama.
Lipoti la kafukufuku wa HSBC linanena kuti vutoli likufanana ndi vuto la mafuta ku Venezuela. Ngakhale kuti Venezuela ili ndi mafuta ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndi mafuta ochepa okha omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika.
Nkhaniyi ndi yofanana ndi ya ku Greenland: malo osungiramo zinthu ambiri, koma kuthekera kwachuma kotulutsa zinthu sikukudziwika bwino. Chinsinsi chake sichili kokha ngati dziko lili ndi zinthu zogulitsa, komanso ngati kuchotsa zinthuzo kuli kotheka pazachuma. Kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pankhani ya mpikisano woopsa padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya zachuma komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malonda ndi zinthu zogulitsa ngati zida zandale.