Te whakapūtanga plasma mura o te boron carbide: He "hangarau pango" hou i roto i te whakapūtanga tuku iho.
I roto i te mara o te pūtaiao rauemi,pūhā boron (B4C), e mōhiotia ana ko te "taimana pango" nā tōna pakeketanga teitei, tōna iti o te kiato, tōna ātete ki te kakahu, me tōna kaha mimiti i te niutron, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mara teitei pēnei i te pukupuku ātete matā, te umanga karihi, me te rererangi. Heoi, ko ngā tukanga sintering tuku iho (pēnei i te sintering kore pēhanga me te sintering pēhi wera) e pā ana ki ngā wero pēnei i te pāmahana sintering teitei, te roa o te wā sintering, me te ngāwari o te whakakoi witi, e whakawhāiti ana i ngā whakapainga atu i roto i te mahi boron carbide. I ngā tau tata nei, ko te hangarau sintering plasma spark (SPS), me tōna pāmahana iti, te tere tere, me te pai o te mahi, kua noho hei wāhi rangahau wera mō te boron carbide, e hanga hou ana i ngā rohe tono o tēnei rauemi tino pakeke.
I. Hangarau SPS: He Tauira Hou mō te Sintering
Mā te hangarau SPS ka tere te whakakīkī o te boron carbide mā te pānga tahi o te iahiko pupuhi, te pēhanga miihini, me te papa wera. Ko tōna kaupapa matua ko:
Whakahohenga parāoa: Ka whakaputahia e te au pārō te parāoa pāmahana-tiketike inamata i roto i ngā āputa i waenga i ngā matūriki, ka tangohia ngā waikura mata me te whakatairanga i te horapa ngota.
Te whakamahana joule me te pikinga pāmahana: Ka whakaputahia e te iahiko te whakamahana joule mā roto i te pokepokea ai te karāpeti, ā, ka tere te piki o te pāmahana (tae atu ki te 600℃/min), ka hanga he pikinga pāmahana e tere ake ai te whakakīkī me te aukati i te tipu o te witi.
Te Horapa Āwhina o te Mara Hiko: Ka whakaitihia e te mara hiko te pūngao whakahohe sintering, ka taea ai te whakatutuki i te boron carbide ki te kiato teitei (>95%) i te 1700-2100℃, he 300-500℃ te iti iho i te tukanga tuku iho.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te sintering tuku iho, he pai ake ngā kakano o te boron carbide i hangaia e te SPS (mai i te nano ki te micron) me ngā āhuatanga miihini pai ake. Hei tauira, i te 1600℃ me te 300MPa te pēhanga teitei, ka piki ake te pakari o te pakaru o te boron carbide i hangaia e te SPS ki te 5.56MPa・m¹/², ā, ka tino whakanuia te pakari hihiri.
II. Te Aranga Hangarau: Te Peke Matua mai i te Taiwhanga ki te Ahumahi
1. Te Arotautanga Tawhā me te Whakahaere Hanganga Moroiti
Te Mahi Tahi o te Pāmahana me te Pēhanga: Kua kitea e te rangahau i ngā pāmahana iti (1700-2000℃), ko te reti o te rohe matūriki te take matua o te whakakīkī, i ngā pāmahana teitei (>2000℃), ko te pikinga o te nekehanga te mea nui. Mā te whakahaere tika i te tere wera me te pēhanga, ka taea te whakahaere tika i te rahi o te witi mai i te 4μm ki te tauine nanometer.
Ngā Whakamahinga Auaha o ngā Āwhina Sintering: Mā te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa pēnei i te Al, SiC, me te graphene ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi. Hei tauira, ko ngā uku maha-wāhanga B4C/SiC/Al me te 1.5% graphene (GPL) e whakaatu ana i te pikinga 25.6% o te pakari whati me te pikinga 99% o te kaha piko.
2. Te hanga kotahi-taahiraa o ngā rauemi kua whakarōpūtia kia rite ki te mahi
Kua tutuki i te tīma Napo Materials, mō te wā tuatahi, te mahi sintering kotahi-taahiraa o ngā rauemi kua whakarōpūtia kia rite ki te mahi a te B4C/Al mā te whakamahi i te hangarau SPS. Ka tutuki i tēnei rauemi he whakawhiti pikinga mai i te B4C parakore (pakeke 32 GPa) ki te Al parakore (pakeke 1 GPa), ā, ka angitu te whakaoti rapanga o ngā rerekētanga nui o te ira rewa me te ngāwari o te hanganga o ngā wāhanga poke i roto i ngā tukanga tuku iho, ka whakarato i ngā whakaaro hou mō ngā pukupuku ātete matā me ngā rauemi hiato kawe wera teitei.
3. Te Ahunga Whakahirahira o te Mahi i roto i ngā Taiao Tino Kino
I roto i te umanga karihi, ka eke te parakore o ngā ngongo niutron B4C kua whakaritea e te SPS ki te 99.9%, he tino pai te ātete ki te irahiko, ā, ko te utu whakakore para he kotahi haurima noa iho i ērā o ngā rauemi tuku iho e hangai ana ki te cadmium. I roto i te umanga rererangi, ka whakaitihia e ngā rauemi hiato boron carbide/konumohe te taumaha o ngā pereti tiaki mata-mua o te miihini turbofan mā te 40%, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te wahie mā te 2.3%.
III. Ngā Tirohanga Ahumahi: He Moana Kahurangi Hou i roto i te Mākete Tiriona-Tara
1. Kei te puāwai haere ngā tono puta noa i ngā mara katoa.
Te Ahumahi Tiaki me te Hoia: E whakamahi ana te waka rererangi kawe Osprey a te ope taua o Amerika i ngā pukupuku hiato B4C, e whakaiti ana i te taumaha mā te 40% me te whakarato i te tiakitanga pai ake i ngā pukupuku maitai tuku iho.
Ngā Kaiārahi-Haumaru me ngā Hikohiko: Ko te hapa papatahi o te wāhanga anga boron carbide < 1μm, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga tino tika o ngā mīhini whakairo EUV. Ka whakaitihia e te hangarau sintering pāmahana-iti a Zhihe New Materials te pāmahana sintering B4C ki te 1950℃, e akiaki ana i tana tono i roto i te mara o te papa whakakanapa haurua-haurua.
Pūngao Hou me te Tiaki Taiao: Ka whakaroahia e ngā pūwero boron carbide te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu pupuhi onepu pēhanga-tiketike mai i te 3 marama ki te 2 tau, ka whakaitihia ngā utu tiaki mā te 80%. Kei te tere haere te whānui o tā rātou whakamahinga i roto i te pūngao karihi, ngā pūtau rā, me ētahi atu mara.
2. Te Rahi o te Mākete me ngā Wehenga Kaupapa Here
E matapaetia ana ka tipu te mākete boron carbide o te ao mai i te $180 miriona i te tau 2025 ki te $320 miriona i te tau 2030, he CAGR 9.5%. Hei kaihanga nui rawa atu o te ao, kei te hopu a Haina i te tūranga ārahi o te umanga mā te tautoko kaupapa here me ngā putanga hangarau.
Ko te hangarau Spark plasma sintering (SPCS) kei te ārahi i ngā rauemi boron carbide mai i te taiwhanga ki te ahumahi. Ko tana mahi pai rawa atu i roto i te pakeketanga, te pumau wera, me te mimiti i te niutron e whakarato ana i ngā otinga whakararuraru mō te parepare, te pūngao, me te hikohiko. Me ngā whanaketanga hangarau me te tautoko kaupapa here, ka tiaho te boron carbide, tēnei "taimana pango," i roto i ngā tono maha atu, ka noho ko tētahi o ngā rauemi matua e akiaki ana i te ahunga whakamua hangarau tangata.