matanho ekudzora ivhu ari kukwezva kutarisisa kwemusika, zvichiita kuti mamiriro ekutengeserana pakati peUS neChina anyatsoongororwa
Baofeng Media, Gumiguru 15, 2025, 2:55 PM
Musi wa9 Gumiguru, Bazi rezvekutengeserana reChina rakazivisa kuwedzera kwezvinodzora kutengeswa kweivhu risingawanzoonekwi. Zuva rakatevera (10 Gumiguru), musika wemasheya weUS wakasangana nekuderera kukuru. Ivhu risingawanzoonekwi, nekuda kwekufambisa kwaro magetsi zvakanaka uye hunhu hwaro hwemagineti, rave zvinhu zvakakosha mumaindasitiri emazuva ano, uye China ine chikamu chinosvika 90% chemusika wepasi rose wekugadzirisa ivhu risingawanzoonekwi. Kugadziriswa uku kwemutemo wekutumira kunze kwenyika kwakagadzira kusava nechokwadi kumaindasitiri emagetsi eEurope neAmerica, semiconductor, uye ekudzivirira, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwemusika. Pane kunetseka kwakapararira pamusoro pekuti danho iri rinoratidza shanduko itsva muhukama hwekutengeserana hweChina neUS.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki pasi?
Ivhu risingawanzoonekwiZvinhu izvi zvinoreva zvinhu gumi nenomwe zvesimbi, zvinosanganisira gumi neshanu zvinonzi lanthanides, scandium, uye yttrium. Zvinhu izvi zvine simba rakanaka remagetsi nemagineti, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakugadzira zvishandiso zvese zvemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, ndege yehondo yeF-35 inoshandisa makirogiramu angangoita 417 ezvinhu zvepasi zvisingawanzoitiki, nepo robhoti remunhu rinodya makirogiramu angangoita mana.
Zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepanyika zvinonzi "zvisingawanzoitiki" kwete nekuti nzvimbo dzazvo dziri mugomba rePasi diki kwazvo, asi nekuti zvinowanzowanikwa mumatombo ari pamwe chete, akapararira. Hunhu hwazvo hwemakemikari hwakafanana, zvichiita kuti kupatsanurwa kuome uchishandisa nzira dzechinyakare. Kubvisa maokisijeni epasi asina kuchena zvakanyanya kubva mumatombo kunoda nzira dzepamusoro dzekupatsanurwa nekucheneswa. China yagara ichiunganidza mabhenefiti akakosha mundima iyi.
Zvakanakira zveChina muzvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi
China inotungamira mukugadzira nekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, uye yakashandisa nzira dzakakura dzakadai se "kubvisa zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma (kubvisa zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa)". Zvinonzi kuchena kwema oxide ayo kunogona kusvika pa99.9%, izvo zvinogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zveminda yepamusoro-soro senge semiconductors, aerospace uye precision electronics.
Kusiyana neizvi, maitiro echinyakare anoshandiswa muUnited States neJapan anowanzo svika pakuchena kweinenge 99%, izvo zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwawo mumaindasitiri akabudirira. Uyezve, vamwe vanotenda kuti tekinoroji yekuburitsa yeChina inogona kuparadzanisa zvinhu zvese gumi nenomwe panguva imwe chete, nepo maitiro eUS achiwanzo gadzira chimwe nechimwe panguva imwe chete.
Panyaya yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, China yakawana huwandu hwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nematani, nepo United States parizvino ichinyanya kugadzira makirogiramu. Musiyano uyu muhuwandu hwezvinhu wakaita kuti mitengo ikwikwidzane zvakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, China ine 90% yemusika wepasi rose wekugadzira zvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi, uye kunyange matombo evhu asingawanzoonekwi anocherwa muUnited States anowanzo tumirwa kuChina kuti agadziriswe.
Muna 1992, Deng Xiaoping akati, “Middle East ine oiri, uye China ine nyika dzisingawanzoonekwi.” Mashoko aya anoratidza kutanga kweChina kuziva kukosha kwenyika dzisingawanzoonekwi sechinhu chakakosha. Kugadziriswa kwemutemo uyu kunoonekwawo sedanho riri mukati mehurongwa uhwu.
Zviri mukati mematanho ekudzora zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa neChina eBazi rezvekutengeserana
Kubva muna Kubvumbi gore rino, China yave nemutemo wekutumira zvinhu zvinomwe zvepasi zvisingawanzoonekwi (Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Lu, Scan, uye Yttrium), pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvine magineti zvinogara zviripo. Musi wa9 Gumiguru, Ministry of Commerce yakawedzerawo mutemo wayo wekuti isanganisire simbi, alloys, nezvimwe zvinhu zvishanu zvine chekuita nazvo: Europium, Holmium, Er, Thulium, uye Ytterbium.
Parizvino, kuwanikwa kwekunze kwematombo asingawanzoonekwi anodiwa kumaseketi akabatanidzwa ari pasi pe14 nanometers, ndangariro dzine 256-layer zvichikwira pamwe nemidziyo yekugadzira nekuyedza, pamwe chete nematombo asingawanzoonekwi anoshandiswa mukutsvagisa nekugadzira huchenjeri hwekugadzira hunogona kushandiswa nemauto, zvinofanirwa kutenderwa neBazi rezvekutengeserana reChina.
Uyezve, huwandu hwekutonga hwakakura kupfuura zvigadzirwa zve rare earth pachazvo kusvika pakubatanidza matekinoroji ese nemidziyo yekunatsa, kuparadzanisa, uye kugadzirisa. Kugadziriswa uku kunogona kutokanganisa kuwanikwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana pasi rose, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kudiwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzeUS, ma semiconductor epamusoro, uye dziviriro. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti rare earths inoita basa guru mukugadzirwa kwema drive motors aTesla, ma semiconductor aNvidia, uye ndege yehondo yeF-35.