Kupisa boron carbide neplasma: Kubudirira kukuru kwe "tekinoroji nhema" mukupisa kwechinyakare.
Mumunda wesainzi yezvinhu,boron carbide (B4C), inozivikanwa se "dhaimani dema" nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kwakanyanya, kurema kwayo kwakaderera, kuramba kupfeka, uye kugona kwayo kunyudzwa kweneutron, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzemhando yepamusoro dzakadai sezvombo zvisingapindi mabara, indasitiri yenyukireya, uye ndege. Zvisinei, maitiro echinyakare ekupisa (senge kupisa kusina kumanikidzwa uye kupisa kunopisa) anosangana nematambudziko akadai sekupisa kwakanyanya, nguva refu yekupisa, uye nyore kukora kwezviyo, zvichideredza kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kweboron carbide. Mumakore achangopfuura, tekinoroji yekupisa kwespark plasma (SPS), nekupisa kwayo kwakaderera, kumhanya nekukurumidza, uye kushanda zvakanaka, yave nzvimbo inopisa yekutsvaga boron carbide, ichichinja patsva miganhu yekushandisa kwechinhu ichi chakasimba.
I. Tekinoroji yeSPS: Nzira Itsva Yekuchinja-chinja Yekunhuhwirira
Tekinoroji yeSPS inobudirira nekukurumidza kuwedzera boron carbide kuburikidza nekushanda pamwe chete kwesimba remagetsi, simba remagetsi, uye simba rekupisa. Nheyo huru yayo iri mu:
Kushanda kwePlasma: Pulsed current inogadzira plasma inodziya zvakanyanya panguva imwe chete mumipata yepakati pezvikamu, ichibvisa maoxide epamusoro uye ichikurudzira kupararira kwemaatomu.
Kupisa kwemajoule uye kukwira kwekushisa: Simba remagetsi rinogadzira kupisa kwemajoule kuburikidza nemould yegraphite, uye tembiricha inokwira nekukurumidza (kusvika 600℃/min), zvichiita kuti tembiricha iwedzere kukurumidza kusimba uye inodzivisa kukura kwezviyo.
Kupararira Kwemagetsi: Simba remagetsi rinoderedza simba rekushanda kwesimbi, zvichiita kuti boron carbide isvike pakuwanda (>95%) pa1700-2100℃, iyo iri pasi pe300-500℃ pane maitiro ekare.
Zvichienzaniswa nekushandiswa kwesimbi dzechinyakare, boron carbide yakagadzirwa neSPS ine zvimedu zvakapfava (nano kusvika micron scale) uye ine hunhu hwepamusoro hwemakanika. Semuenzaniso, pa1600℃ uye 300MPa high pressure, kusimba kweboron carbide yakagadzirwa neSPS kunowedzerwa kusvika 5.56MPa・m¹/², uye kusimba kwesimba kunowedzerwa zvakanyanya.
II. Kubudirira Kwetekinoroji: Kubudirira Kukuru Kubva Murabhoritari Kuenda Kukuva Maindasitiri
1. Kugadzirisa Maparamita uye Kudzora Zvivako Zvidiki
Kubatana kweTembiricha neKudzvanyirira: Tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti patembiricha yakaderera (1700-2000℃), kutsvedza kwemuganhu wezvikamu kunonyanya kukonzera kusimba kwesimba, nepo patembiricha yakakwira (>2000℃), kukwira kwenzvimbo ndiko kwakanyanya. Nekudzora mwero wekupisa nekudzvanyirira, saizi yegorosi inogona kudzorwa nemazvo kubva pa4μm kusvika pachikero chenanometer.
Mashandisirwo Atsva Ekubatsira Kupinza Zvinhu: Kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita seAl, SiC, uye graphene kunogona kuwedzera mashandiro. Semuenzaniso, B4C/SiC/Al multiphase ceramics ine 1.5% graphene (GPLs) inoratidza kuwedzera kwe25.6% mukusimba kwemapfupa uye kuwedzera kwe99% mukusimba kwemapfupa.
2. Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvine mwero unoshanda nedanho rimwe chete
Chikwata cheNapo Materials chasvika, kekutanga, pakugadzirisa zvinhu zveB4C/Al zvine mwero wekushanda kwacho uchishandisa tekinoroji yeSPS. Zvinhu izvi zvinochinja kubva paB4C yakachena (kuoma 32 GPa) kuenda kuAl yakachena (kuoma 1 GPa), zvichibudirira kugadzirisa matambudziko ekusiyana kukuru kwenzvimbo dzekunyunguduka uye nyore kugadzira zvikamu zvekusachena mumaitiro echinyakare, zvichipa mazano matsva ezvombo zvisingapindi mabara uye zvinhu zvine mwero wekupisa zvakanyanya.
3. Kubudirira Kwebasa Munzvimbo Dzakanyanya Kuipa
Muindasitiri yenyukireya, maB4C neutron absorbers akagadzirwa neSPS ane hutsanana hwe99.9%, anodzivirira mwaranzi zvakanaka, uye ane mari yekurasa marara inova chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chete chezvinhu zvechinyakare zvecadmium. Muindasitiri yendege, boron carbide/aluminium composite materials anoderedza huremu hwemaplate ekudzivirira injini ye turbofan ne40% uye anovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta ne2.3%.
III. Tarisiro dzeMaindasitiri: Gungwa Idzva reBlue muMusika weTrillion-Dhora
1. Mashandisirwo ari kubudirira muminda yese.
Dziviriro neIndasitiri yeMasoja: Ndege yeOsprey yemauto eUS inoshandisa zvombo zveB4C, izvo zvinoderedza huremu ne40% uye zvinopa dziviriro iri nani pane zvombo zvesimbi zvechinyakare.
Semiconductors neElectronics: Boron carbide wafer stage flatness error < 1μm, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa nemazvo zveEUV lithography machines. Tekinoroji yekupisa tembiricha yakaderera yeZhihe New Materials inoderedza tembiricha yekupisa yeB4C kusvika 1950℃, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe mumunda we semiconductor polishing pad.
Simba Idzva uye Kudzivirirwa Kwezvakatipoteredza: Maburi eBoron carbide anowedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo yekuputika jecha ine simba rakawanda kubva pamwedzi mitatu kusvika kumakore maviri, zvichideredza mari yekugadzirisa ne80%. Kushandiswa kwawo musimba renyukireya, masero ezuva, nedzimwe nzvimbo kuri kuwedzerawo nekukurumidza.
2. Kukura kweMusika uye Migove yeMutemo
Musika wepasi rose we boron carbide unotarisirwa kukura kubva pamadhora mamiriyoni zana nemakumi masere muna 2025 kusvika pamadhora mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi maviri muna 2030, zvichireva CAGR ye9.5%. Semugadziri mukuru wepasi rose, China iri kutora chinzvimbo chepamusoro muindasitiri iyi kuburikidza nerutsigiro rwemitemo uye budiriro yetekinoroji.
Tekinoroji yeSpark plasma sintering (SPCS) iri kutungamira zvinhu zve boron carbide kubva murabhoritari kuenda kumaindasitiri. Kushanda kwayo kwepamusoro mukuoma, kugadzikana kwekupisa, uye kunyudzwa kwe neutron zvinopa mhinduro dzinokanganisa dziviriro, simba, uye zvemagetsi. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye rutsigiro rwemitemo, boron carbide, iyi "dhaimani dema," pasina mubvunzo ichapenya mune mamwe mashandisirwo akawanda, ichiva chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinotungamira kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwevanhu.